questions

1. A single cycle of non-REM through REM sleep lasts about

10 minutes.

30-40 minutes.

90 minutes.

360 minutes.

8 hours.

Question 2.2. The predictable changes in blood flow to the male genitals that occur during ________ can be a useful clinical indicator of ________.
non-REM sleep; narcolepsy

the day hours; hypertension

REM sleep; impotence

slow-wave sleep; cardiac failure

the day hours; cocaine abuse

Question 3.3. Nightmares that are particularly terrifying occur during stage 1 of slow-wave sleep.

high-frequency sleep.

stage 4 of slow-wave sleep.

paradoxical sleep.

REM sleep.

Question 4.4. A key symptom of REM-sleep behavior disorder is attacks of catalepsy.

a depressed mood upon awakening.

the occurrence of motor movements during slow-wave sleep.

a lack of paralysis during REM sleep.

the loss of dreams during REM sleep.

Question 5.5. Circadian rhythms are endogenous cycles of activity over the course of a day.

not found in plants.

learned patterns of daily activity.

annual changes in behavior (such as migration).

monthly cycles of reproductive activity.

Question 6.6. A ________ is a stimulus that resets an internal biological clock.

zeitgeber

pacemaker

pacing stimulus

synchronizer

chronopulse

Question 7.7. The key property of addictive drugs relates to their capacity to produce tolerance.

the withdrawal that follows termination of the drug.

their reinforcing effects.

their ability to inhibit dopamine in brain.

their ability to produce rapidly physical dependence.

Question 8.8. A human female is more likely to initiate sexual activity with her partner
when estradiol levels are lowest.

just prior to menstruation.

in the winter months.

just after a surge in testosterone from her adrenals.

at a point in the menstrual cycle when estradiol levels are highest.

Question 9.9. Twin studies indicate that there is a genetic basis for homosexuality in males as well as in females.

identical male twins are less likely to be concordant for homosexuality than are fraternal male twins.

a male child whose older twin sisters are heterosexual is more likely to be homosexual.

homosexual women are likely to have homosexual male relatives.

early family environment is more important than genes for the development of homosexuality.

Question 10.10. The overeating noted in Prader-Willi syndrome is most to reflect the inhibition of growth hormone.

chronically elevated levels of plasma ghrelin.

release of glucagon and insulin from the pancreas.

inhibition of gastric emptying.

chronically elevated levels of plasma cholecystokinin.

Question 11.11. Electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus produces eating and drinking.

inhibits food intake.

produces sham feeding.

elicits repetitive chewing movements.

is an intensely aversive stimulus.

Question 12.12. Which of the following is an indication of the problems caused by nicotine?

Nicotine interacts with other factors to promote cancer.

Nearly 50 percent of long-term smokers will die from smoking-related causes.

It is estimated that in 2020, smoking will be the largest single health problem in the world.

Fetuses exposed to nicotine in utero show health problems.

All of the above are correct.

Question 13.13. Use of ________ by pregnant women is the leading cause of mental retardation in the United States.

alcohol

marijuana

nicotine

cocaine

ephedrine

Question 14.14. Which of the following is true of cases of Turner's syndrome?

They develop female external sex organs.

They have no gonads.

They have an XO genotype.

They have one X chromosome.

All of the above are correct.

Question 15.15. The key event that starts sexual maturation at the onset of puberty is that the ovaries and testes release gonadotropic hormones.

estradiol and testosterone are released from the hypothalamus.

the pituitary secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormones.

LH and FSH are released from the hypothalamus.

the adrenals release adrenaline.

Question 16.16. An effect of androgens would be the promotion of muscle development.

growth of pubic hair.

lowering of the voice.

beard growth.

All of the above are correct.

Question 17.17. The primary feature that distinguishes a menstrual cycle from an estrous cycle is that females can mate at any time during the estrous cycle.

females can only mate around the time of ovulation in the menstrual cycle.

there is no cycle of growth/loss of the uterine lining in the estrous cycle.

the estrous cycle does not involve the secretion of estrogens.

the estrous cycle is longer than the menstrual cycle.

Question 18.18. The ________ is an instrument used to record electrical potentials from muscles during sleep.

myelogram

electroencephalogram

physiograph

electromyogram

Question 19.19. The transition between wakefulness and sleep is marked by the appearance of ________ waves in the sleep record.

alpha

delta

gamma

theta

beta

Question 20.20. Our long-term fuel reservoir contains ________ and is located in ________ .

glycogen; the liver

glycogen; the brain

triglycerides; fat cells

insulin; the pancreas

triglycerides; the liver