Question

Question 1. Which is least likely to be considered an indication of problem behavior in youth?

A.A behavior is excessively intense.
B.A behavior is qualitatively atypical.
C.A behavior is unusual but of no harm to anyone.
D.A behavior is exhibited in inappropriate settings.

Question 2. Which of the following is true regarding preschooler mental health?

A. Preschoolers have fewer problems than older children.
B. Preschoolers have more problems, but tend to outgrow them.
C. The problems of preschoolers occur at the same rate as older children.
D. Secular trends indicate that the risks for young children and mental illness are decreasing.

Question 3 . When the term syndrome is used in reference to a behavioral disturbance, it suggests that the disorder

A. has a biological cause.
B. has a psychological cause.
C. occurs mostly in early childhood.
D. is characterized by a group of symptoms.

Question 4. With regard to childhood behavioral problems and age of youth,

A. little relationship exists between age and the occurrence of problems.
B. sometimes what seems to be a relationship between age and the occurrence of a specific disorder may actually reflect the time at which the disorder is first identified.
C. almost all behavior problems of young people appear in some form by age 6.
D. children cannot be diagnosed with a specific disorder until they are at least 8 years old.

Question 5. Human development is best viewed as

A. always occurring in stages.
B. changes in individuals due to environmental influences.
C. change in persons over time due to the interactions of many variables.
D. quantitative rather than qualitative growth.

Question 6. If a disorder occurs only in the presence of Factor X but only when Factor Y or Factor Z are present, we might suspect that Factor X is a _____ cause of the disorder.

A. necessary but not sufficient
B. sufficient but not necessary
C. necessary and sufficient
D. neither necessary nor sufficient

Question 7 . Peter got along quite well as a child, but in adolescence he associated with a "bad" crowd, took drugs, and suffered academically. At 21 years of age, he appears to have put aside these behaviors and has successfully returned to college. Peter's development is following which of the five adolescent developmental pathways described in the text?

A. Unstable adaptation
B. Unstable maladaptation
C. Decline of adaptation
D. Temporal maladaptation

Question 8. Resilience is best defined as

A. a person's characteristics that protect him or her from negative outcomes.
B. characteristics of the environment that protect a person from negative outcomes.
C. one or more factors that work with risk factors to produce a disorder.
D. one or more factors that protect a person in the presence of risk factors for a disorder.

Question 9. Billy and Kyle are both evaluated at a child assessment clinic at age 6. Billy comes from an affluent, loving and intact family. He is meeting all developmental tasks and is well adjusted. Kyle is living in poverty with his maternal grandmother after being abandoned by his parents. He is scoring in the clinically significant range on measures that test for behavioral problems. Years later, both boys are re-evaluated and both are found to be well adjusted and developing normally. Kyle reports that he became active in sports and was mentored by caring adults over the years. This is an example of

A. ordinary magic of resilience.
B. multifinality.
C. unstable, maladaptive development.
D. nonnormative development.

Question 10. Heterotypic continuity refers to the continuance

A. of risk factors across the lifespan.
B. of resilience factors across the lifespan.
C. of a problem in the same form over time.
D. of a problem, with the problem changing in form over time.

Question 11. In the Strange Situation Kevin does not use his mother as a resource. He does not seem distressed when she leaves and ignores her when she returns. Which attachment style is Kevin exhibiting?

A. Secure
B. Insecure resistant
C. Insecure avoidant
D. Disorganized

Question 12.  Sandy cries easily, has tantrums when facing novel situations, and is highly reactive to stress. Which temperament type best describes Sandy?

A. Easy
B. Slow-to-warm-up
C. Difficult
D. Disorganized

Question 13. According to models of social cognitive processing, which is central in mediating children's experiences and their behavior?

A. Their interaction with their parents
B. Their interpretation of their experiences
C. Their earlier attachment to their parents
D. Their temperamental tendencies

Question 14. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have recently adopted Jimmy, age 9. They do not know much about his birth history. They are concerned because Jimmy exhibits slow growth and poor motor skills. He also has small eyes and a thin upper lip. Finally, Jimmy seems to have difficulty learning and is quite hyperactive. His pediatrician suspects that

A. Jimmy was exposed to lead early in life.
B. Jimmy's mother had Rubella while pregnant with Jimmy.*
C. Jimmy's mother drank while pregnant with Jimmy.
D. Jimmy was born breech.

Question 15. Many complex human characteristics, such as intelligence and behaviors implicated in behavior disorders, are believed to be associated with

A. a single gene.
B. a single gene in combination with environmental influences.
C. multiple genes.
D. multiple genes in combination with environmental influences.

Question 16. Michael inherits a genetic propensity for high-activity level from his parents and the parents have created a family environment that is highly active. This is an example of a _______ gene-environment correlation.

A. active
B. passive
C. reactive
D. redundant

Question 17. Attention, memory, concept formation, strategies to mentally manipulate information, and problem solving are examples of

A. instrumental processes.
B. observational processes.
C. cognitive processes
D. unconscious processes

Question 18. In an ecological model of development, _______ contexts would be expected to have relatively more direct impact.

A. cultural
B. distal
C. proximal
D. pathologica.

Question 19 . According to the book, the definition of _________ is probably the most difficult and controversial.

A. emotional maltreatment
B. neglect
C. physical abuse
D. sexual abuse

Question 20. Which of the following children is at the highest risk for abuse?

A.A one year-old with physical disabilities
B.A 12 year-old from a large family
C.A 17 year-old with failing grades
D.A 13 year-old Black male living in an impoverished neighborhood

Question 21. Which of the following variables is thought to contribute to a youngster's adjustment to divorce?

A. The youngster's prior level of adjustment
B. Individual characteristics of parents
C. The youngster's prior level of adjustment and individual characteristics of parents
D. The youngster's prior level of adjustment, individual characteristics of parents, and ethnic differences

Question 22. Which of the following statements regarding the impact of poverty on youth is accurate?

A. Rates of poverty are equal across racial groups.
B. Single female-headed households are at higher risk for poverty than married households.
C. Childrearing practices do not vary by social class.
D. Poverty is most damaging to middleschoolers.

Question 23. The term acculturation refers to

A. the elimination of cultural influences so as to understand the effect of individual variables.
B. changes in culture resulting from different cultures coming in contact with each other.
C. the attempt to provide cultural experiences, such as music and art to at-risk children.
D. interventions to overcome the negative impact of a youngster's cultural background.

Question 24. Which of the following is an example of molecular family stability?

A. Living in a family with no divorce history
B. Living in the same home and never moving
C. Consistency in who lives in the home
D. Having a regular bed time

Question 25. Which of the following statements regarding abuse is correct?

A. Physical abuse is harder to detect than other forms of maltreatment.
B. Sexual abuse of boys is more common than that of girls.
C. Refusing special education when needed can be considered neglect.
D. According to the book, in 2009 there were less than 200,000 cases of maltreatment reported in the U.S.