Question:

Let me know if these questions can be solved, please include reference after each question is answered There are no word limit,just make sure that all the questions are answered.

TOPIC 1

The case scenario provided will be used to answer the discussion questions that follow.

Case Scenario

Ms. G., a 23-year-old diabetic, is admitted to the hospital with a cellulitis of her left lower leg. She has been applying heating pads to the leg for the last 48 hours, but the leg has become more painful and she has developed chilling.

Subjective Data

•Complains of pain and heaviness in her leg.
•States she cannot bear weight on her leg and has been in bed for 3 days.
•Lives alone and has not had anyone to help her with meals.

Objective Data

•Round, yellow-red, 2 cm diameter, 1 cm deep, open wound above medial malleolus with moderate amount of thick yellow drainage
•Left leg red from knee to ankle
•Calf measurement on left 3 in > than right
•Temperature: 38.9 degrees C
•Height: 160 cm; Weight: 83.7 kg

Laboratory Results

•WBC 18.3 x 10¹² / L; 80% neutrophils, 12% bands
•Wound culture: Staphylococcus aureus

Critical Thinking Questions

1. What clinical manifestations are present in Ms. G and what recommendations would you make for continued treatment? Provide rationale for your recommendations.

2. Identify the muscle groups likely to be affected by Ms. G's condition by referring to "ARC: Anatomy Resource Center."

3. What is the significance of the subjective and objective data provided with regard to follow-up diagnostic/laboratory testing, education, and future preventative care? Provide rationale for your answer.

4. What factors are present in this situation that could delay wound healing, and what precautions are required to prevent delayed wound healing? Explain.

TOPIC 2

The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a nationwide, community-based, voluntary health organization dedicated to eliminating cancer as a major health problem. Together with its supporters, ACS is committed to helping people stay well and get well by finding cures and by fighting back.

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. Imagine that a family friend or colleague has just been diagnosed with cancer. Explain how the American Cancer Society might provide education and support. What ACS services would you recommend and why?

2. According to statistics published by the American Cancer Society, there will be an estimated 1.5 million new cancer cases diagnosed each year over the next decade. What factors contribute to the yearly incidence and mortality rates of various cancers in Americans? What changes in policy and practice are most likely to affect these figures over time

3. Select a research program from among those funded by the American Cancer Society. Describe the program and discuss what impact the research will have on the prevention or treatment of cancer

TOPIC 3

Use the following Case Scenario, Subjective Data, and Objective Data to answer the Critical Thinking Questions.

Case Scenario

Mrs. J. is a 63-year-old woman who has a history of hypertension, chronic heart failure, and sleep apnea. She has been smoking two packs of cigarettes a day for 40 years and has refused to quit. Three days ago, she had an onset of flu with fever, pharyngitis, and malaise. She has not taken her antihypertensive medications or her medications to control her heart failure for 4 days. Today, she has been admitted to the hospital ICU with acute decompensated heart failure.

Subjective Data

1. Is very anxious and asks whether she is going to die.

2. Denies pain but says she feels like she cannot get enough air.

3. Says her heart feels like it is "running away."

4. Reports that she is so exhausted she cannot eat or drink by herself.

Objective Data

1. Height 175 cm; Weight 95.5 kg

2. Vital signs: T 37.6 C, HR 118 and irregular, RR 34, BP 90/58

3. Cardiovascular: Distant S1, S2, S3, S4 present; PMI at sixth ICS and faint; all peripheral pulses are 1+; bilateral jugular vein distention; initial cardiac monitoring indicates a ventricular rate of 132 and atrial fibrillation

4. Respiratory: Pulmonary crackles; decreased breath sounds right lower lobe; coughing frothy blood-tinged sputum; SpO2 82%

5. Gastrointestinal: BS present: hepatomegaly 4 cm below costal margin

Critical Thinking Questions

What nursing interventions are appropriate for Mrs. J. at the time of her admission? Drug therapy is started for Mrs. J. to control her symptoms. What is the rationale for the administration of each of the following medications?

1.IV furosemide (Lasix)

2.Enalapril (Vasotec)

3.Metoprolol (Lopressor)

4.IV morphine sulphate (Morphine)

Describe four cardiovascular conditions that may lead to heart failure and what can be done in the form of medical/nursing interventions to prevent the development of heart failure in each condition.

Taking into consideration the fact that most mature adults take at least six prescription medications, discuss four nursing interventions that can help prevent problems caused by multiple drug interactions in older patients. Provide rationale for each of the interventions you recommend.

Topic 4

Use the image in "Discussion Question Resource: Chest X-Ray" to answer the following Critical Thinking Questions.

Examine the x-ray of a patient diagnosed with pneumonia due to infection with Mucor. Refer to the "Module 4 DQ Chest Xray" resource in order to complete the following questions.

Critical Thinking Questions

1. Explain what Mucor is and how a patient is likely to become infected with Mucor. Describe the pathophysiologic progression of the infection into pneumonia and at least two medical/nursing interventions that would be helpful in treating the patient.

2. Examine the laboratory blood test results and arterial blood gases provided in "Discussion Question Resource: Laboratory Blood Test Results." What laboratory values are considered abnormal? Explain each abnormality and discuss the probable causes from a pathophysiologic perspective.

3. What medications and medical treatments are likely to be prescribed by the attending physician on this case? List at least three medications and three treatments. Provide rationale for each of the medications and treatments you suggest.

TOPIC 5

The case scenario provided will be used to answer the discussion questions that follow.

Case Scenario

Mr. C., a 32-year-old single man, is seeking information at the outpatient center regarding possible bariatric surgery for his obesity. He reports that he has always been heavy, even as a small child, but he has gained about 100 pounds in the last 2-3 years. Previous medical evaluations have not indicated any metabolic diseases, but he says he has high blood pressure, which he tries to control with sodium restriction and sleep apnea. He current works at a catalog telephone center.

Objective Data

•Height: 68 inches; Weight 134.5 kg
•BP: 172/96, HR 88, RR 26
•Fasting Blood Glucose: 146/mg/dL
•Total Cholesterol: 250mg/dL
•Triglycerides: 312 mg/dL
•HDL: 30 mg/dL

Critical Thinking Questions

1. What health risks associated with obesity does Mr. C. have? Is bariatric surgery an appropriate intervention? Why or why not?

2. Mr. C. has been diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease and the following medications have been ordered: (a) Magnesium hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide (Mylanta) 15 mL PO 1 hour before bedtime and 3 hours after mealtime and at bedtime; (b) Ranitidine (Zantac) 300 mg PO at bedtime; and (c) Sucralfate / Carafate 1 g or 10ml suspension (500mg / 5mL) 1 hour before meals and at bedtime.

The patient reports eating meals at 7 a.m., noon, and 6 p.m., and a bedtime snack at 10 p.m. Plan an administration schedule that will be most therapeutic and acceptable to the patient.

1. Assess each of Mr. C.'s functional health patterns using the information given (Hint: Functional health patterns include health-perception - health management, nutritional - metabolic, elimination, activity-exercise, sleep-rest, cognitive-perceptual, self-perception - self-concept, role-relationship, sexuality - reproductive, coping - stress tolerance).

2.What actual or potential problems can you identify? Describe at least five problems and provide the rationale for each.