Question: Multiple Choice Part of Exam 1

1. Which of the following was a frequent criticism of the previous federal definition of homelessness.

a. It was overly inclusive, making the concept of homelessness indistinguishable from the concept of poverty.

b. It focused on literal homelessness, was too narrow in scope (i.e., did not include individuals with unstable housing or at imminent risk of becoming homeless), and did not help identify those in need of services to prevent homelessness.

c. It focused on chronic homelessness and ignored episodes of homelessness.

d. None of the above

2. The new federal definition of homelessness (2011)           has categories of homeless individuals.

a. three
b. four
c. five
d. six

3. Chronic homelessness is defined as:

a. continuous homelessness for at least five years.
b. continuous homelessness for at least a year.
c. at least four episodes of homelessness in the past three years.
d. both b and c

4.           is a British term dating back to the 1600s to describe a public institution that provided work and sometimes shelter to destitute people.

a. Poorhouse
b. Skid row
c. Police Station Lodging House
d. Workhouse

5.           wrote the book How the Other Half Lives (1890) and used innovative photography skills to illustrate the lives of the poor and homeless at around the turn of the century.

a. Jacob Riis
b. Henry Mayhew
c. Charles Booth
d. Mary Higgs

6.           was a superintendent of New York's Municipal Lodging House, wrote an article (The Homeless) that lead to advances in social policy, developed a four-tiered classification system (i.e., self- supported, temporary dependent, chronically dependent, and parasitic), and called for a farm colony outside of the city where homeless people could live and work.

a. Stewart B. McKinney
b. Charles Booth
c. Stuart Al Rice
d. Stewart B. McKinney

7. The Bonus Army that engaged in the Battle of Washington involved          and occurred during          .

a. World War I homeless veterans, the Great Depression
b. World War II homeless veterans, the Civil Rights Movement
c. Union Army homeless veterans, after the Civil War
d. Vietnam War homeless veterans, the Civil Rights Movement

8. As a champion of human rights,           was a United States Delegate to the United Nations, served as the Chairperson for the United Nations Human Rights Commission, and played a leading role in establishing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This document is relevant to homelessness.

a. Stewart B. McKinney
b. Martin Luther King Jr.
c. Edward Brooke
d. Eleanor Roosevelt

9. In England, the           stipulated that the poor receiving parish assistance had to live in workhouses and perform work.

a. Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834
b. Act for the Relief of the Poor of 1601
c. initiative proposed by Charles Booth
d. initiative proposed by Henry Mayhew

10.           used an ethnographic approach to study the poor and, in London Labour and the London Poor (1861), he argued that society was arranged into four different categories: those that will work; those that cannot work; those that will not work; and those that need not work.

a. Charles Booth
b. Edward Brooke
c. Henry Mayhew
d. None of the above

11. In the United States, the           protects against housing discrimination, and this empowers homeless people and service providers in overcoming community resistance to shelters as well as transitional and supportive housing.

a. The Fair Housing Act
b. Deinstitutionalization Initiative
c. The Homeless Assistance Act
d. The Initiative for Anti-Discrimination and Homelessness

12.           is the notion that, for patients who have mental illness (but do not present a clear and present danger to self or others), they should be moved out of large mental hospitals and into residential facilities, so that they can live more independently, have a higher quality of life, perhaps be productive, and receive treatment in the community.

a. The Fair Housing Act
b. Deinstitutionalization
c. The Homeless Assistance Act
d. The Initiative for Mental Illness and Homelessness

13.           was a sociologist who used a combination of ethnographic research and survey research to study hobo culture and the skid rows of Chicago and New York.

a. Nels Anderson (otherwise known as Dean Stiff)
b. Albert Bandura
c. Philip Gibbs
d. Erving Goffman

14. In discussing the history of homelessness, your textbook glossary notes that           was typically defined as "a section of town or city where homeless derelicts congregate and sometimes reside." This term originated in nineteenth century Seattle and was associated America's westward expansion, the rapid exploitation of the country's natural resources, the fluidity of unskilled labor, and the increasing differentiation of urban space.

a. Slum
b. Shantytown
c. Skid row
d. Hooverville

15. As a social reformer and activist in Victorian England,           wrote Glimpses into the Abyss, posed as a poor person seeking employment in order to better understand the situation of the poor, founded a women's lodging house, co-founded the National Association for Women's Lodging Houses, and opened a school for mothers.

a. Mary Higgs
b. Eleanor Roosevelt
c. Dorothea Dix
d. None of the above

16. Who developed an early conceptualization of social stigma?

a. Nels Anderson (otherwise known as Dean Stiff)
b. Albert Bandura
c. Philip Gibbs
d. Erving Goffman

17. Which of the following is not one of the eight Millennium Development Goals?

a. Eradicate homelessness
b. Promote gender equality and empower women
c. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
d. Reduce child mortality

18. Recent research suggest that approximately           of homeless men are veterans. a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 40%

19. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

a. Some homeless individuals have mental illness or substance abuse problems.
b. Nearly all homeless individuals have mental illness.
c. With very few exceptions, homeless individuals have substance abuse problems.
d. All (or nearly all) homeless individuals have mental illness and/or substance abuse problems.

20. The media is more likely to address the problem of homelessness...

a. during the spring and summer months.
b. during the fall and winter months.
c. during presidential election years.
d. when a war has just ended.
21. Among homeless single adults, approximately           are severely mentally ill. a. 70% - 90%
b. 50% - 70%
c. 30% - 50%
d. 20% - 40%

22. Among homeless single adults, approximately          have a history of alcohol abuse, drug abuse, and/or dependence.

a. 60% - 80%
b. 40% - 60%
c. 20% - 40%
d. 10% - 20%

23. Among homeless veterans who have mental illness,           may be the most common mental disorders found, especially for those who were in combat. This disorder involves "re-experiencing" a very stressful event from the past (as well as a host of other symptoms).

a. schizophrenia
b. panic disorder
c. severe depression
d. phobia

24. Most of the existing research done on the homeless population has focused on           .

a. homeless families
b. homeless adolescents
c. homeless children
d. homeless single adults

25. Although African Americans represent approximately 12% of the U.S. population, they represent           of the U.S. homeless population, and in some U.S. cities, African Americans make up an even larger proportion of the homeless population.

a. 20% - 30%
b. 40% - 50%
c. 70% - 80%
d. Over 80%

26. The media and the public seem to...

a. ignore the fact that mental illness may result from the trauma of homelessness in some cases.
b. exaggerate the association between mental illness and homelessness.
c. have fully accurate perceptions regarding mental illness and homelessness.
d. both a and b

27. Approximately 70% - 80% of homeless single adults are           .

a. women
b. mentally ill
c. African American
d. men

28. According to the report from the U.S. Conference of Mayors (2008),           represents the fastest growing segment of the national homeless population.

a. substance abusers
b. mentally ill individuals
c. families with children
d. single men

29. According to the report from the U.S. Conference of Mayors (2008), approximately          of the homeless population is physically disabled.

a. 20%
b. 30%
c. 40%
d. 50%

30. After virtually ignoring the problem of homelessness for decades, the news media in the United States sharply increased its coverage of the issue during the early-to-mid           .

a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s

31. In an experiment, internal validity involves the extent to which it can legitimately be concluded that...

a. the independent variable caused the dependent variable.
b. the dependent variable caused the independent variable.
c. the findings from the sample can be generalized to the population of interest.
d. the findings have clinical significance.

32. Suppose that, in a study of homeless people, a researcher found a high positive correlation between self- esteem and readiness for a vocational training program. It would not be safe to draw the conclusion that one of these variables causes the other one because...

a. the direction of causality between the two variables can be very unclear.
b. correlational designs never use random selection.
c. a third variable could be causing both of the variables that are closely related.
d. both a and c

33. If a researchers wishes to draw conclusions about causality, the research should use           .

a. an ethnographic research approach
b. a field study
c. a cross-sectional design
d. an experimental design

34. Suppose that, to obtain a holistic understanding of homeless individuals living on the streets, a researcher lives among them and uses interviews, surveys, and observations. The researcher attempts to understand the habitat and to understand events from the point of view of the homeless individuals. This researcher is using what type of research approach?

a. Participatory community action research approach
b. Case study
c. Ethnographic research approach
d. Longitudinal research design

35. Suppose that an academic researcher collaborates with a community partner (e.g., a director of a homeless shelter) to conceptualize, development, implement, and evaluate a new program focused on assisting homeless people in transitioning out of homelessness. What type of research is this?

a. Participatory community action research approach
b. Case study
c. Ethnographic research approach
d. Correlational research design

36. A large negative (inverse) correlation, such as -.80, means that...

a. the two variables are not related.

b. the two variables are closely related in that a person who has a high score on one of the variables is likely to also have a high score on the other variable.

c. The two variables are closely related in that a person who has a high score on one of the variables is likely to have a low score on the other variable.

d. one variable is definitely causing the other.

37.           and           are most likely to use an ethnographic research approach to study homelessness.

a. psychologists and sociologists
b. sociologists and anthropologists
c. political scientists and psychologists
d. social workers and psychologists

38.           may be most likely to utilize an experimental design to study homelessness.

a. Sociologists
b. Social workers
c. Psychologists
d. Anthropologists

39. Random selection is most relevant to           , whereas random assignment is most relevant to           .

a. external validity, internal validity
b. internal validity, external validity
c. experimental designs, correlational designs
d. longitudinal designs, cross-sectional designs

40.           tends to focus on the individual, and it is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.

a. Political science
b. Sociology
c. Social work
d. Psychology

41. In general,           is the systematic study of human interactions involving power.

a. Political science
b. Sociology
c. Social work
d. Psychology

42. Suppose that a researcher is examining international documents related to human rights (e.g., Universal Declaration of Human Rights) to determine how such documents have been codified into laws and public policy related to homelessness. Most likely, this researcher is a           .

a. Political scientist
b. Sociologist
c. Social worker
d. Psychologist

43. A professional is working at a homeless shelter and is helping homeless individuals to obtain services in the community. This professional is likely to be a           .

a. Political scientist
b. Sociologist
c. Social worker
d. Psychologist

44.           is the study or human social behavior, or the science of social interaction, or more generally, the study of society.

a. Political science
b. Sociology
c. Social work
d. Psychology

45. To study the development of social alienation in the homeless population, a researcher could employ a          , which combines (and controls for the limitations of) the           and the           .

a. longitudinal design, sequential design, cross-sectional design
b. cross-sectional design, longitudinal design, sequential design
c. sequential design, experimental design, case study
d. sequential design, longitudinal design, cross-sectional design

46. The             confounds age effects with cohort effects, whereas the           confounds age effects with time of measurement.

a. cross-sectional design, longitudinal design
b. longitudinal design, cross-sectional design
c. Intra-subject design, field study
d. ethnographic research approach, participatory community action research approach.

47.            developed the Principle of Reciprocal Determinism to conceptualize the bidirectional interactions among person-related variables, behavior, and environmental variables.

a. Bronfenrenner
b. Bandura
c. Kiesler
d. None of the above

48.           A is any internal factor (e.g., genetic predisposition, belief system, coping strategy) that increases the likelihood that an individual will have some negative outcome such as homelessness.

a. vulnerability
b. risk
c. biopsychosocial syndrome
d. all of the above

49. Engaged scholarship has the most in common with which of the following? In fact, engaged scholarship may be said to most often use this type of research approach.

a. Participatory community action research approach
b. Case study
c. Ethnographic research approach
d. Experimental research design

50. As you complete your service-learning work, you are obligated to follow the St. Vincent de Paul Code of Ethics for Volunteers. As reviewed in class, this code appears to incorporate features of the Code of Conduct associated with which social science discipline?

a. Psychology
b. Political Science
c. Social Work
d. Both a and c