Question :

(i) Analyse Ray Carr's working life in relation to Mallow's hierarchy of needs.

(ii) (a) What organisational structure might have been set up to improve the internal communication?

(b) In what circumstances might such a style be ineffective?

(iii) (a) what is meant by the term ‘Hawthorne Effect' and when did it occur in this case?

(b) The motivational importance of the Hawthorne Effect was identified over 60 years ago. Why do many managers still appear to ignore it?

(iv) Why is it considered so important for organisations to have a clear structure, with clear lines of authority?