Question: Be sure to answer every question of each prompt.

1. What is Martin Luther King Jr.'s theory of justice? In terms of justice what does he think is the difference between "negative" and "positive" peace? Given that the emotional, psychological, and socio-economic impacts of racism continue into the present, many people argue that Affirmative Action is permissible. What are two arguments that proponents make as to the justification for preferential treatment? How is the argument from equalizing of opportunity different?

2. What are some features of Nodding's care ethics that depart from mainstream ethical theories? In what way is her theory similar to Hume? What are the different conceptions of family that Macklin offers? Even given his broad definition of family, Anderson may still think that paid surrogacy is unacceptable. What are some (more than one) of her reasons?

3. What is Benedict's definition of normality and abnormality? Give an example of how she proves the are socially dependent. How does this relate to Gallagher's discussion of marriage's social function and what is her definition of marriage? What are some (more than one) reasons Corvino thinks Gallagher is wrong?

4. Regan tests whether the common arguments that deny animals have rights stand up to criticism. They are: indirect duties, contractualism, cruelty-kindness view, and utilitarianism. Explain each and why they fail. Alternatively, Singer argues from analogy about the relation between racism, sexism, and speciesism, and the danger of basing the argument for equality among human beings on the actual equality of individuals. Explain how this argument works.