Question 1

Which of the following words is a key term in the definition of learning?

Question 1 options:

A) Procedure
B) Thinking
C) Interest
D) Change

Question 2

Which of the following terms refers to an environmental event that reliably and naturally produces a reaction in an organism?

Question 2 options:

A) Conditioned stimulus
B) Unconditioned stimulus
C) Unconditioned response
D) Conditioned response

Question 3

After Pavlov's dog learned to salivate at the sound of the bell, he presented the CS enough times that it didn't produce a response. After a rest period, he once again presented the CS. What is likely to happen when they hear the bell again?

Question 3 options:

A) Spontaneous recovery
B) Unconditioned response
C) Extinction
D) Discrimination

Question 4

Little Albert is an example of which of the following phenomena?

Question 4 options:

A) Experimental neurosis
B) Taste aversion
C) Spontaneous recovery
D) Conditioned emotional response

Question 5

Which area of the brain appears critical for emotional conditioning?

Question 5 options:

A) Hippocampus
B) Amygdala
C) Frontal lobe
D) Broca'?s area

Question 6

Which of the following is most likely to result in taste aversion?

Question 6 options:

A) Being exposed to time lapse photography that shows food rotting.
B) Eating a novel food that makes you sick.
C) Experiencing an emotional trauma immediately following eating.
D) Becoming sick after eating a food you've eaten several times before.

Question 7

Little Albert was conditioned by John Watson to fear what?

Question 7 options:

A) A loud sound.
B) A white rat.
C) A bright light.
D) A snake.

Question 8

A propensity for learning particular kinds of associations over others is known as

Question 8 options:

A) biological preparedness.
B) amygdalar readiness.
C) generalization.
D) conditioning.

Question 9

Which of the following formulated the law of effect?

Question 9 options:

A) Edward Thorndike
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Robert Rescorla
D) Ivan Pavlov

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct definition of a "punisher"?

Question 10 options:

A) Any event that induces conditioned emotional responses
B) Any event that stimulates an unconditioned response
C) Any event that decreases the likelihood of a behavior
D) Any event that increases the likelihood of behavior

Question 11

Which form of consequences is associated with the removal of an undesirable stimulus to increase behavior?

Question 11 options:

A) Positive reinforcement
B) Positive punishment
C) Negative punishment
D) Negative reinforcement

Question 12

Which of the following would be a good example of a primary reinforcer?

Question 12 options:

A) Money
B) Car
C) Food
D) Speeding ticket

Question 13

Which schedule of reinforcement would induce the highest rate of responding?

Question 13 options:

A) Variable ratio
B) Variable interval
C) Fixed interval
D) Fixed ratio

Question 14

Which area of the brain is most susceptible to stimulation that produces pleasure?

Question 14 options:

A) Medial forebrain
B) Hippocampus
C) Pituitary gland
D) Amygdala

Question 15

Tolman, through his work with rats, hypothesized that learning involves the creation of what?

Question 15 options:

A) Superstitious behavior
B) Cognitive map
C) Principle components
D) Neural operants

Question 16

The Brelands' studies of adaptive behaviors in animals and humans point to the power of

Question 16 options:

A) cognition
B) evolution
C) learning.
D) conditioning.

Question 17

Which of the following definitions is the best for "observational learning"?

Question 17 options:

A) A condition where something is learning but not manifested as a behavior.
B) Learning that results from successive approximations of a desired behavior.
C) A condition in which learning takes place by watching the actions of others.
D) Circumstances when external rewards can undermine the intrinsic satisfaction of performing a behavior.

Question 18

What may be the neural component of observational learning?

Question 18 options:

A) Reticular formation
B) Dopaminergic pathways
C) Mirror neurons
D) Nucleus accumbens

Question 19

Which of the following would be an example of implicit learning?

Question 19 options:

A) Typing on a computer keyboard.
B) Pecking a disk at a high rate.
C) Composing a shopping list.
D) Stating which is the seventh letter in the alphabet.

Question 20

According to the chapter, which of the following would probably be an effective way to prepare for a test?

Question 20 options:

A) Highlighting the chapter.
B) Use of distributed practice.
C) Repeatedly rereading the material.
D) Use of massed practice.