Question 1
The word circadian indicates that a circadian rhythm:
is generated from within.
occurs more frequently than once a day.
occurs less frequently than once a day.
is about 24 hours in length.

Question 2
During the night, which two types of sleep alternate with each other in cycles that take approximately 90 minutes?
alpha sleep and delta sleep
Stage 1 and Stage 2 sleep
REM and NREM sleep
relaxed sleep and alert sleep

Question 3
__________ is a set of mental operations that organize sensory impulses into meaningful patterns.
Sensation
Perception
Synesthesia
Signal detection

Question 4
During sleep, periods of rapid eye movement (REM) alternate with non-REM sleep in a cycle that recurs about every:
30 minutes.
50 minutes.
60 minutes.
90 minutes.

Question 5
__________ rhythms reflect the adaptation of organisms to the many changes associated with the rotation of the earth on its axis.
Seasonal
Circadian
Infradian
External

Question 6
When Mary looks at the following display, she tends to see horizontal rows rather than vertical columns of faces. This happens because:

lines and patterns tend to be perceived as continuing in time and space.
the items that are in horizontal rows share the same internal features.
items that are near each other tend to be grouped together.
horizontal displays tend to be perceived as figure and vertical displays as ground.

Question 7
Our sense of vision produces a two-dimensional image on the back of the eye, but we interpret the world in three dimensions due to the process of __________.
perception
sensation
specific nerve energy
functional encoding

Question 8
Shateesh takes a moderate dose of a tranquilizer. She is likely to experience:
wakefulness, alertness, and shortened reaction time.
reduced anxiety and tension, and sedation.
euphoria and relief of pain.
exhilaration, visions, and hallucinations.

Question 9
When alcohol is abused, the resulting effects may include:
blackouts, cirrhosis of the liver, mental and neurological impairment, psychosis, and possibly death.
an increased risk of bladder cancer.
loss of appetite, nausea, constipation, withdrawal symptoms, and possibly death.
damage of dopamine cells in the brain.

Question 10
Judith is startled when her six-year-old daughter, Laura, sleepwalks into the family room. It is most likely that Laura is experiencing the __________ stage of the sleep cycle.
REM
first
third
fourth

Question 11
Biological rhythm is defined as a periodic, more or less regular, fluctuation in a biological system.
True
False

Question 12
Mescaline and LSD are examples of stimulants.
True
False

Question 13
The sense of pain hinders, rather than helps, survival.
True
False

Question 14
The motto of the Gestalt psychologists was "The whole equals the sum of its parts."
True
False

Question 15
According to Gestalt psychologists, we organize our visual field into figure and ground.
True
False

Question 16
Scientists agree that there are five senses.
True
False

Question 17
When sleep researchers have studied humans and other species, they found that only the higher mammals, such as humans, great apes, and bottlenose dolphins experience REM sleep.
True
False

Question 18
Consciousness is defined as an awareness of oneself and the environment.
True
False

Question 19
Perception occurs when energy in the external environment or in the body stimulates receptors in the sense organs.
True
False

Question 20
The receptors for vision, hearing, and taste are specialized cells separated from sensory neurons by synapses.
True
False