Question 1

Explain using appropriate examples, how the environmental classification of excreta­related diseases may help engineers to meet the UN Millennium Development Goals for improved water supply and sanitation.

Question 2

Critically evaluate the ways in which the human body is able to protect against infection by pathogenic organisms using ‘specific' and ‘non­specific' defences. Provide examples to support your answer.

Question 3

Critically compare alternative scenarios for the impact of climate change on patterns of water­related infectious disease in both developed and less­developed countries.