Question 1

According to Domhoff, the _____ is made up of individuals who are linked to the social upper class, the corporate community, and the policy-formation organizations that influence government policy.

executive branch

power elite

dominant class

bourgeoisie

Question 2

Which of the following would be considered a political right?

The right to vote after being convicted of a felony

The right to Social Security

The right to freedom from racial discrimination

The right to practice one's religion without persecution

Question 3

The codified rules of behavior established by a government and backed by the threat of force are known as:

Ritual

Statutes

Legal norms

Law

Question 4

A single people or nation governed by a political authority or state is commonly referred to as:

Nation-state

Country

State

Society

Question 5

Economically productive activities that do not result directly in a physical product are known as:

Goods

Products

Services

Amenities

Question 6

Karl Marx introduced the idea of a _____, a pool of job-seekers whose numbers outpace the available positions and who contribute to keeping wages low and conditions of work tenuous.

pool of unemployment

unemployed labor pool

reserve army of labor

labor army reserve

Question 7

The replacement of human labor by machines in the process of manufacturing is known as:

Robotics

Mechanization

Mechanical production

Automation

Question 8

Highly educated professionals who engage in mental labor and the manipulation of symbols are also known as:

Symbolic interactionists

Computer programmers

Symbolic analysts

Knowledge laborers

Question 9

Which of the following is the number one cause of premature death in the United States?

Obesity

Homicide

Tobacco

AIDS

Question 10

An institutionalized system for the scientific diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of illness is known as:

Health

Healthcare

Medicine

Public medicine

Question 11

What is the definition of morbidity?

The rate of death

The rate of illness

The rate of incidence of physical ailments

The number of people who seek medicial attention in a given period of time

Question 12

Which of the following food categories receives the most federal subsidies?

Fruits and vegetables

Meats and dairy

Sugar

Alcohol

Question 13

The phenomenon of war boosting economic productivity and employment is referred to as:

War economy

War machine

Military industrial complex

War industrial economy

Question 14

Violence that is intentionally dramatic and enacted for the purpose of attracting attention and publicity and spreading fear is known as:

Dramaturgical violence

Histrionic violence

Dramatical violence

Performative violence

Question 15

Of the 2.5 million young enlisted U.S. men served in Vietnam, about what percentage were from working-class and poor backgrounds?

35

66

74

80

Question 16

The U.S.-Afghanistan conflict is an example of:

Asymmetrical guerilla warfare

Large-scale combat

Genocidal conflict

Preemptive war of aggression

Question 17

The science of population size, distribution, and composition is defined as:

Ethnography

Population studies

Demography

Demographics

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of a second demographic transition?

Decreased rates of divorce

A rise of non-marital births as a proportion of all births

A rise in the rate of natural increase (RNI)

Larger family sizes

Question 19

Which is the preferred measure for demographers to estimate future fertility?

Crude birth rates

Age-specific fertility rates

Age-specific live births

Crude death rates

Question 20

What total fertility rate represents replacement rate fertility (in which each parent is able to replace himself or herself)?

2.1

2.5

2.0

1.9

Question 21

Temporary gatherings of closely interacting people with a common focus are known as:

Crowds

Riots

Masses

Contagions

Question 22

The development of increasing societal complexity through the creation of specialized social roles and institutions is referred to as:

Differentiation

Specialization

Interdependence

Division of labor

Question 23

Dominant ideas that lead people to consent to their own domination are known as:

Ideologies

Hegemonies

Dogmas

Ideological subjugations

Question 24

Which of the following theorists highlighted the importance of ideas in maintaining order and oppression in society?

Karl Marx

Max Weber

Antonio Gramsci

Pierre Bourdieu

Question 25

According to Antonio Gramsci, _____ intellectuals are those who emerge from oppressed groups and create counterhegemonies that challenge dominant and dominating ideas.

traditional

organic

mechanical

Marxist