QUESTION 1:

According to Cooper (2009), tourism is not a business that sits easily within the concept of sustainability. The author suggests that tourism involves major transport components, cultural mixes and fierce resource competition so that examining each aspect of sustainability with respect to tourism commotion and development paints a depressing picture.

(a) With an appreciation of the comment posted by the above author, sketch and explain how the three main components of sustainability work against sustainable tourism. Support your answer with instances.

(b) Tourism activity impacts on the social, cultural, environmental and monetary aspects of a destination and this carries certain doorsill implications so that exceeding these, is likely to affect every facet of tourism development. Whilst again appreciating this observation from the same author, talk about how each threshold affects tourism.

(c) Using instances, examine the main difficulties in finding the level of thresholds beyond which tourism should not endeavour.

QUESTION 2

The PEST framework which prompts companies to think about Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors, a rather broad bush form of analysis, is scarcely sufficient for tourism providers (Peattie and Moutinho, 2000). A more comprehensive approach which seriously touches sustainability issues is the SCEPTICAL analysis. Using any destination of your preference, significantly discuss each of these factors.

QUESTION 3

Carlsen (1999) monitors that conflicts in island tourism arises for the reason that the natural resource is a factor of production, a source of attraction to tourists, but more important, the living environment of residents. Though, the author postulates that these are resolved, as opportunities generated from the tourism industry prevail over the costs. In contrast, Jafari (2000) argues that tourism has always been a double-edged blade for islanders.

(a) With a positive reception of the differing opinions of both authors, explain the four attributes of island tourism.

(b) Using illustrations, confer any three challenges that a land-locked country might face in developing its tourism destination as compared to an island.

QUESTION 4:

(Goeldner et al, (2000) opine that to be able to decode the idealism of ecotourism into reality, a number of core indicators need to be identified so as to seek precise cause-effect relationship between tourism and its environment.

(a) As tourism planners, critically discuss the core pointers that underpin sustainable tourism whilst illustrating your answers with relevant instances.

(b) Explain how those pointers may help tourism planners attain sustainable tourism development targets.