QUESTION 1

(a) What is sustainable development?

(b) Discuss the implications of sustainable development for

(i) Governments,

(ii) Business and industry

(iii) Farming and agriculture

(iv) Civil society, non-governmental organizations, and individuals: awareness and education?

QUESTION 2

(a) Discuss the principles of sustainable development

(b) Describe the behavioral and psychological obstacles to sustainability as an operational concept

QUESTION 3

(a) Describe five main strategies used to reduce ecological and environmental impacts of industrial activities

(b) Discuss the life cycle timescales and approaches to industrial ecology that assist in the attainment of sustainable development

QUESTION 4

(a) Describe the characteristics of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS)

(b) Discuss the implementation of the Mauritian strategy to address the vulnerabilities it is faced with as one of the Small Island Developing States with particular emphasis on sustainable development

QUESTION 5

(a) What are indicators of sustainable development?

(b) Describe the criteria used for selecting environmental indicators to measure sustainability?

(c) Describe the Pressure-State-Response, Driving-State-Response, Pressure-Sate-Impact-Response and Driving-Pressure-State-Impact-Response frameworks that are used in monitoring of effectiveness of projects whose objective is to improve the state of the environment

QUESTION 6

Give an overview of sustainable development in Africa with particular reference to

(a) sustainable development challenges

(b) evolution of sustainable development

(c) environmental initiatives

(d) strategies for promoting sustainable development