Question 1. Which of the following sciences relate to the study of Geology?
a. Oceanography
b. Meteorology
c. Chemistry
d. Physics
e. All of the above

Question 2. Geology is a science because it uses the scientific method.
a. True
b. False

Question 3. What energy source is Earth using primarily for its internal processes?
a. Primordial heat from Earth's formation
b. The core
c. Radioactive decay
d. Sun

Question 4. The mesosphere is stronger than the asthenosphere because it is under more pressure.
a. True
b. False

Question 5. Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust.
a. True
b. False

Question 6. The layers defined by their physical properties include all of the following except the:
a. Outer core
b. Asthenosphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Lithosphere
e. Crust

Question 7. Which layer listed below would be considered felsic, intermediate, mafic and ultramafic in composition?
a. Mantle
b. Asthenosphere
c. Crust
d. Core
e. Lithosphere

Question 8. The layer that sits directly under the crust is called:
a. Lithosphere
b. Mantle
c. Asthenosphere
d. Inner core
e. Outer core

Question 9. What type of plate boundary is a volcanic arc associated with?
a. Convergent
b. Divergent
c. Transform
d. All boundary types

Question 10. Shallow focus earthquakes are found along which type of plate boundary?
a. Convergent
b. Divergent
c. Transform
d. All boundary types

Question 11. What type of plate boundary is found off the coast of Northernmost California, Oregon and Washington State?
a. Convergent
b. Divergent
c. Transform
d. All boundary types

Question 12. Which feature below is a convergent boundary associated with?
a. Flat topography
b. Mantle upwelling
c. Deep trench
d. Mid-ocean ridge

Question 13. Earthquake magnitude varies with distance from the epicenter, but intensity does not.
a. True
b. False

Question 14. Earthquakes primarily happen along:
a. Coastlines
b. River valleys
c. Plate boundaries
d. Population centers

Question 15. Earthquakes only happen in the Earth's lithosphere.
a. True
b. False

Question 16. S-waves cannot travel through liquids.
a. True
b. False

Question 17. The mechanism by which rocks store and eventually release energy in the form of an earthquake is referred to as:
a. Fault rebound
b. Seismic rebound
c. Elastic rebound
d. Stress fracture

Question 18. The quantity of energy released by an earthquake is a measurement referred to as:
a. Intensity
b. Magnitude
c. Stress
d. Displacement

Question 19. The location at the surface directly above where an earthquake begins is called the?
a. Focus
b. Epicenter
c. Mojo layer
d. Core-mantle boundary

Question 20. What is frequently a warning sign of an impending tsunami?

a. Winds suddenly change direction
b. The sky suddenly clears
c. Seawater suddenly retreats from the shore
d. All of the above

Question 21. If the seafloor is suddenly displaced vertically, the ocean water will respond by:

a. Subsiding
b. Not moving at all
c. Also rising up

Question 22. Calling a tsunami a "tidal wave" is misleading because:
a. A tsunami is not really a tide
b. A tsunami is not really a wave
c. A tsunami does not occur in the ocean
d. A tsunami only occurs during ebb tides

Question 23. Cinder cones are made up from lava that was:
a. Hot and mafic
b. Cold and mafic
c. Cold and felsic
d. Hot and felsic

Question 24. Which volcano type from the choices below can experience a plinian eruption?
a. Stratovolcano/Composite cone
b. Cinder cone
c. Shield volcano

Question 25. Cinder cones are:
a. Entirely mafic
b. Entirely felsic
c. A mix of mafic and felsic composition

Question 26. Water __________ when it freezes.
a. Expands
b. Contracts
c. Stays the same size

Question 27. A very slow slide of unconsolidated material that travels as a unit is called:
a. Slump
b. Soil creep
c. Debris flow
d. Mud flow

Question 28. At the bend in a stream, the main erosion is __________.
a. on the outside of the bend
b. on the inside of the bend
c. both on the inside and the outside of the bend

Question 29. The majority of fresh water on our planet comes from the ocean.
a. True
b. False

Question 30. The headwaters of a stream are always located:
a. At the streams source
b. Near the mouth
c. All along the longitudinal profile of the stream
d. None of the above

Question 31. Upstream floods are:
a. Flooding that occurs near the mouth of a stream
b. Flooding that occurs near the head of a stream
c. The flooding that is caused by tsunami
d. The flooding that is caused by hurricanes

Question 32. The hydrologic cycle is driven primarily by solar energy.
a. True
b. False

Question 33. What does the term "water table" refer to:
a. The entire phreatic zone
b. The top of the phreatic zone
c. The bottom of the phreatic zone
d. The region below the phreatic zone

Question 34. The majority of the accessible drinking water on our planet comes from:
a. Ocean
b. Glaciers
c. Streams
d. Groundwater

Question 35. Surface water and groundwater are interconnected systems.
a. True
b. False

Question 36. Coastal flooding is caused most often by:
a. Tsunami
b. Storm surge
c. Levee failure
d. Vegetation

Question 37. The "phreatic zone" is the zone below the land surface that is completely saturated with water.
a. True
b. False

Question 38. The movement of water within the surf zone that parallels the shore is called:
a. Salinity current
b. Longshore current
c. Tidal current
d. Beach drift

Question 39. Although waters are rising in the ocean today and are submerging our coastlines, there are areas of coastline that are uplifting faster than the sea is rising. These coastlines are called:
a. Emergent coastlines
b. Submergent coastlines
c. Estuary coastlines
d. Glacier coastlines

Question 40. This appears where a rocky shore erodes at approximately the same rate.
a. Spit
b. Tombolo
c. Sea stack
d. Wave-cut cliff
e. Sea cave

Question 41. An elongated ridge of sand that typically extends from a headland into the mouth of an adjacent bay is called:
a. Spit
b. Tombolo
c. Sea stack
d. Wave-cut cliff
e. Sea cave

Question 42. A _______________ can form when a sea arch collapses:
a. Spit
b. Tombolo
c. Sea stack
d. Wave-cut cliff
e. Sea cave

Question 43. When waves attack the weak portion of a cliff, which of the following features can develop:
a. Spit
b. Tombolo
c. Sea stack
d. Wave-cut cliff
e. Sea cave

Question 44. The movement of Earth's plates is also contributing to the natural variability of our climate.
a. True
b. False

Question 45. We have been in the current ice age for the last 2.8 million years.
a. True
b. False

Question 46. Asteroids orbit the:
a. Earth
b. Moon
c. Sun
d. Asteroids do not orbit any object

Question 47. Which meteorite has a composition that's pure iron-nickel?
a. Achondrite
b. Chondrite
c. Stony-iron meteorite
d. Iron meteorite

Question 48. All asteroids orbit the Earth.
a. True
b. False

Question 49. A meteorite with a composition similar to Earth's mantle is called:
a. Iron meteorite
b. Stony-iron meteorite
c. Tektite
d. Chondrite
e. Achondrite

Question 50. A meteorite with a composition similar to basalt is called:
a. Iron meteorite
b. Stony-iron meteorite
c. Tektite
d. Chondrite
e. Achondrite