Question 1: Which of the following paleoclimatic evidence supports the idea of the late Paleozoic super continent in the Southern Hemisphere?

glacial deposits in South Africa and South America

windblown loess deposits in the deserts of Argentina, Australia and India

basalts in Brazil and Africa

deep water sediments in South Africa and South America

Question 2: The late Paleozoic super continent that began to break up about 180 million years ago is called _____.

Panatopia

Wegnerland

Pangaea

Pongolia

Question 3: A _______ results from mantle plumes created by a long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle.

hot spot

melt well

basalt plume

magmatic tube

Question 4: Which of the following is thought to drive the motions of the Earth's crustal plates?

magnetic field fluctuations within the core

convection cells within the mantle

gravitational forces of the Sun and Moon

gravitational sliding of areas elevated by upwelling of magma plumes

Question 5: The continental drift hypothesis was initially rejected primarily because Alfred Wegener could not _____.

find geologic similarities on different continents

disprove competing theories that were more accepted by scientists

identify a mechanism capable of moving continents

All of the above

Question 6: Which of the following statements is true about apparent polar wandering?

The Earth's poles change their orientations such that the poles do wander around the Earth.

Due to differential gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon, the planet has changed the direction in which it is spinning.

The continents have changed position relative to the poles.

None of the above

Question 7: Which of the following is not evidence that the seafloors are spreading?

Stripes of normal and reversed polarized rocks parallel to the rifts.

Old oceanic sediments at the outer edges of the ocean basins, young sediments at the rifts.

No seafloor sediments are older than 180 million years.

Thick ocean sediments at the rifts, thinning away from the rifts.

Question 8: Transform fault boundaries are _____.

boundaries where plates are sliding horizontally past one another

sites of voluminous basaltic lava flows

characterized by stratovolcanoes

sets of parallel fractures formed by convergence of the crustal rocks

Question 9: On average, lithospheric plates are _____ thick.

1 kilometer

10 kilometers

50 kilometers

100 kilometers

Question 10: The Hawaiian Islands are _____.

each about the same age

oldest in the east and progressively younger to the west

youngest in the east and progressively older to the west

formed over multiple hot spots and therefore are unrelated in age

Question 11: Geologically, ________ are actually submerged parts of the continents.

continental shelves

abyssal plains

oceanic trenches

coastal seamounts

Question 12: The source of sediments making up the continental rise is/are _____.

the constant rain of dead diatoms and other microscope planktonic creatures

volcanic ash from the mid-ocean volcanoes

continental silts and clays that are kept in suspension by ocean currents

turbidity currents depositing deep-sea fans

Question 13: "Black smokers" are associated with _____.

oceanic ridges

metal-rich sulfide deposits

hot water

All of the above

Question 14: ___________ are not associated with a mid-ocean ridge.

Very thin, ocean floor, sediment layers

Submarine basaltic lava eruptions

Deep ocean trenches

Shallower depths than abyssal plains

Question 15: Spreading rates of 1 to 5 _____per year are common along the Mid-Atlantic and the Mid-Indian ridges.

meters

kilometers

centimeters

millimeters

Question 16: All of the following are layers that comprise oceanic crust except _____.

turbidites

pillow basalts

sheeted dike complexes

gabbro

Question 17: Magma at the mid-ocean ridge is the result of _____.

extraordinarily high temperatures found there

partial melting of the mantle as a result of decompression due to cracking at the ridge

increased pressure resulting from convergence of the lithospheric plates

the injection of seawater into subterranean fractures

Question 18: Which of the following is not forming at a divergent boundary?

Japan

Red Sea

Atlantic Ocean

Iceland

Question 19: Oceanic ridges are elevated primarily because _____.

new oceanic crust is hot and less dense than cooler adjacent rocks

the oceanic crust is thickest at the ridges

the mantle is bulging along the ridges due to the release of pressure

large volcanoes form along the ridges

Question 20: A chaotic accumulation of ocean floor sediment and chunks of oceanic crust that forms at convergent boundaries is called a/an _____.

trenchite

island arc

oceanic plateau

accretionary wedge

Question 21: Which of the following is not a characteristic of a continental-continental convergent boundary?

earthquakes

deep ocean trench

folded mountains

thrust faults

Question 22: In an ocean-continent convergent boundary _____.

a volcanic island arc forms directly over the trench

the lightest plate will subduct

there is an absence of shallow focus earthquakes

volcanic mountains form 100-3-- kilometers from the trench

Question 23: Mount St. Helens is a part of a _____.

continental volcanic arc

continental rifting center

chain of hot spot volcanoes

basaltic shield volcano

Question 24: Which of the following were not formed by continental-continental convergence?

Appalachian Mountains

Himalaya Mountains

Rocky Mountains

Ural Mountains

Question 25: The processes that produce mountains is called _____.

deformational isostasy

isotropism

orogenesis

similation

Question 26: Partial melting of a subducting oceanic plate produces batholiths with the composition of _____.

gabbro to komatiite

granodiorite

peridotite

basalt

Question 27: Which of the following best describes the geology of the Pacific coastal regions of western North America, including Alaska?

An earlier, continental margin broke apart and the geologically similar fragments were tectonically reassembled.

A massive subcontinent of old igneous and metamorphic rocks (similar to India) was accreted during late Proterozoic time.

Geologically different, microcontinent-sized fragments and terranes, formed elsewhere, were tectonically accreted to North America.

Tightly folded, continental shelf strata were squeezed between North America and the convergent, Bering-Siberian subcontinent.

Question 28: Topographically high-standing, mountainous areas generally _____.

are underlain by greater then average thicknesses of lower density, crustal rocks

subside rapidly to compensate for erosion

have thicker, higher density, mantle rocks beneath them at shallow depths

experience rapid erosion that thins the crust and causes the area to subside

Question 29: Which of the following is not an example of an Isostatic movement?

crustal uplift following the melting of an ice sheet

uplift of an elevated area after erosion removes surface material

stream downcutting following a drop in sea level

uplift of an area underlain by thick masses of material that is less dense than the surrounding material

Question 30: Volcanism along a continental arc is dominated by the eruption of _____.

basaltic lava flows

andesitic lavas and pyroclastic materials

rhyolitic pyroclastic materials and lavas

All of the above