Question 1. When vitamin A is deficient:

night blindness can occur.

xerophthalmia can occur.

the regeneration of rhodopsin is delayed.

All of the choices are correct.

Question 2. Which food is an excellent source of vitamin E?

Whole-wheat bread

Oranges

Sunflower seeds

Cheddar cheese

Question 3. Which of the following organizations is responsible for ensuring their supplements are safe?

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

The manufacturer of the supplement

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Question 4. Identify the foods that would best meet the vitamin needs identified for bone health:

Peaches, spinach, milk and tomatoes

Whole grain bread, brown rice, milk and tomatoes

Whole grain cereal, corn oil, rye flour and peaches

Peaches, tomatoes, cantaloupe and apricots

Question 5. Sailors of the 18th century would often be at sea for months living on dried bread and meats, water and cheese. After approximately three months on this diet, some sailors would exhibit symptoms of irritability, achy joints and bleeding gums/loose teeth. These symptoms can be explained by:

Their diet lacked enough protein to make collagen

Their diet lacked the Vitamin B6 so necessary to make non-essential amino acids

Their diets lacked Vitamin B1, so they had impaired energy production

Their diets lacked the Vitamin C necessary for collagen tissue formation and repair

Question 6. Which of the following is NOT a fat soluble vitamin?

vitamin A

vitamin C

vitamin D

vitamin E

Question 7. In order to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in the fetus, the most important time for a woman to consume adequate amounts of folate is:

shortly before, and early in her pregnancy.

between the third and sixth months of pregnancy.

during the seventh and eighth months of pregnancy.

shortly before giving birth.

Question 8. Vitamin D is called the sunshine vitamin because:

it calms our nerves.

we must get it in our diet from plant foods that grow in the sun.

it can be made in the skin by exposure to UV light.

it is used to make serotonin, a neurotransmitter that enhances feelings of happiness.

Question 9. Which of the following is/are antioxidants?

Vitamin C.

Vitamin E.

Selenium.

All of these nutrients serve as antioxidants.

Question 10. An antioxidant is a substance that protects against oxidative damage.

True

False

Question 11. When a person has not consumed enough water, blood volume _____ and solute concentration in the blood ______.

increases; increases

decreases; increases

decreases; decreases

decreases; stays the same

Question 12. All of the following are functions of water EXCEPT:

it regulates acid base balance.

it helps regulates body temperature.

it lubricates eyes and joints.

it acts as a hormone.

Question 13. All of the following are correct statements about mineral bioavailability EXCEPT:

The body's need for a mineral may affect its absorption.

The presence of one mineral may affect the absorption of another.

The minerals in plant foods are better absorbed than the minerals in animal foods.

Pregnancy can affect the absorption of certain minerals.

Question 14. An older woman is gardening in the direct sun for three hours without any rest. She suddenly feels weak and dizzy before she faints. She is taken to an emergency room where the doctor suspects she is suffering from dehydration. This is a common problem in older people because:

They have a larger body mass, which makes them more likely to become thirsty

They have a greater body surface area, which makes them more likely to become thirsty

They have enhanced kidney function, with causes them to increase water reabsorption

They have a reduced sensitivity to their thirst mechanism

Question 15. A diet rich in fresh fruit, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains is most likely to result in:

A population with low rates of clinical hypotension

A population with low rates of clinical hypertension

A population that has similar rates of hypertension to individuals eating a meat based diet

A population that has similar rates of hypertension to individuals eating the typical American diet

Question 16. The following substances are all normally eliminated by the kidney as waste products EXCEPT:

urea

glucose

sodium

ketones

Question 17. Eating a salty meal:

Decreases your blood sodium concentration

Makes you less thirsty

Causes temporary weight gain due to intake of more fluids

Has no effect on the body

Question 18. Fluoride protects the teeth

Because it is a natural component of water

Because it helps makes tooth enamel more resistant to acids

Because it serves as a buffer from acids that are released from bacteria in the mouth

It forms a film on teeth that prevent food sticking to teeth

Question 19. When intracellular concentrations of protein and sodium are high, you would expect that water is drawn into the

blood capillaries

cells

extracellular fluid

red blood cells

Question 20. Diets that are high in ____ are associated with an increased incidence of hypertension.

calcium

magnesium

sodium

sugar