QUESTION 1. When companies are setting prices in different countries, the problem with setting a market-based price in each country is that _______.

it allows intermediaries in low-price countries to reship their products to high-price countries

the company would earn the same profits everywhere, regardless of the cost structure

this strategy might price the product out of the market in countries where costs are high

this strategy would make the price too high in poor countries and not high enough in rich countries

it prevents the company from differentiating its products

QUESTION 2. Dumping occurs when ________.

a company entering a foreign market charges either less than its costs or less than it charges at home

a company entering a foreign market charges more than the price in its home market

a company entering a foreign market charges prices that are lower than those charged by its competitors in this market

a company sets its price equal to its average cost of production

a company exports its products to a foreign country to increase its revenue in spite of excess demand in the home country

QUESTION 3. Forward invention is ________.

creating a new product to meet a need in another country

creating a new product to meet the need in the home country

inventing products that are superior to competing offerings

taking an existing product into a new market

inventing something that as yet has no "market"

QUESTION 4. Backward invention occurs when a firm ________.

creates a new product to meet a need in another country

reintroduces earlier product forms adapted to suit another country's needs

invents products that are similar to competing offerings

takes an existing product into a new market

produces its own raw materials

QUESTION 5. Many U.S. firms prefer to sell in Canada, England, and Australia-rather than in larger markets such as Germany and France-because they feel more comfortable with the languages, laws, and culture, which reflect the ________ between these countries and the United States.

self-serving bias

coincident development

psychic proximity

cognitive dissonance

backward invention

QUESTION 6. ________ is one of the world's largest single markets, with 25 member countries, a common currency, and more than 454 million consumers.

NAFTA

MERCOSUR

The European Union

APEC

ASEAN

QUESTION 7. When forces for global integration are low and forces for national responsiveness are high, a strategy that ________ makes sense.

treats the world as a single market

views the marketplace as completely homogeneous

treats the world as a portfolio of national opportunities

standardizes all elements of the marketing mix

facilitates a straight extension

QUESTION 8. According to Hofstede, cultures with low power distance are ________.

collectivist

assertive

egalitarian

risk-averse

risk-tolerant

QUESTION 9. As a result of the ad campaigns depicting Brazil as a multicultural land of carnivals and beaches, any mention of the country makes people think of sun and sand. This is an example of ________.

anchoring effect

target market impact

regiocentrism

country-of-origin effect

cognitive dissonance

QUESTION 10. Regional economic integration is defined as the creation of trading agreements between ________.

a firm and its suppliers and distributors

firms targeting the same market

individual firms in an industry

related industries

blocs of countries

QUESTION 11. Zodiac Inc. is one of the leading producers of designer bags in its country. The company is considering shifting some of its production to India. Which of the following could have prompted this move?

People in India prefer imported designer bags.

Zodiac can target a niche market of high-profile consumers who have a high income.

Zodiac can improve its market share if it can offer better prices than its competitors.

People in the home country have an ethnocentric approach.

Market research indicates that Indian consumers have a low per-capita income.

QUESTION 12. A standardized marketing mix involves ________.

adopting the strategy that best fits a given target market

consistently using the communication and distribution channels that entail the lowest costs

adjusting the product to suit market preferences

changing the features of the product to accommodate the host country

changing only the communication message to suit the different target markets

QUESTION 13. If a company adapts or changes both the product and the communications, the company engages in a process called ________.

straight extension

product reinvention

product adaptation

dual adaptation

full adaptation

QUESTION 14. Companies can run the same marketing communications programs as used in the home market or change them for each local market, a process called ________.

product communications

market development

dual adaptation

diversification

communication adaptation

QUESTION 15. In an adapted marketing mix, the company ________.

ensures that uniform practices are adopted across countries

focuses more on brand image than consumer preferences

ignores differences in the legal environment

ensures the lowest cost marketing program is adopted

tailors the marketing programs to each target market

QUESTION 16. Identify a benefit of using joint ventures to enter a foreign market.

It entails minimum risk.

It provides access to an established distribution network in the host country.

It yields the highest returns.

It retains full control of its investment in the host country.

It is the best strategy for countries with psychic proximity.

QUESTION 17. Which of the following modes of entry into a foreign market involves the maximum commitment and risk?

franchising

direct investment

joint ventures

licensing

direct exporting

QUESTION 18. A2Z Inc. is a producer of a huge variety of consumer goods, from soaps to shower gels, and shampoos to detergents. It is a market leader in the United States and is planning to tap the immense potential in the emerging markets. Market research, however, indicates that the Brazilian culture and society are substantially different from their American counterparts. If the company wants to target the masses, which of the following options is most likely to succeed?

A2Z can use a price skimming strategy to increase market share.

The company's existing strategies in the U.S. will work just as well in Brazil.

A2Z can introduce smaller "sachets" of shampoos and detergents that are priced lower.

The company can introduce large family packs of shampoos and soaps even if they are priced higher than competitors.

A2Z can use a predatory pricing strategy to capture the market.

QUESTION 19. Your firm has decided to enter the international market with your product called "Trema," a new pocket organizer that can also be used as a cell phone. While discussing the marketing plans, your CMO decides that no changes will be necessary in either the marketing mix or the product for export. What form of marketing strategy is the CMO advocating?

distributive marketing mix

leveraged marketing mix

adapted marketing mix

engineering-driven marketing mix

standardized marketing mix

QUESTION 20. Which of the following causes a difference between marketing in the developed countries and marketing in the developing countries?

The cost of production varies substantially between the developed and the developing world.

The disparity between the rich and the poor in the developing world is reducing.

There are substantial cultural differences between the developed and the developing world.

Marketing in developing countries is far more expensive than in the developed world.

The developing countries have more trade barriers in place than the developed countries.