Question 1
When blood glucose levels are difficult to control in type 2 diabetes some form of insulin may be added to the treatment regimen to control blood glucose and limit complication risks. Which of the following statements is accurate based on research?

Question options:
Premixed insulin analogues are better at lowering HbA1C and have less risk for hypoglycemia.
Premixed insulin analogues and the newer premixed insulins are associated with more weight gain than the oral antidiabetic agents.
Newer premixed insulins are better at lowering HbA1C and postprandial glucose levels than long-acting insulins.
Patients who are not controlled on oral agents and have postprandial hyperglycemia can have neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin added at bedtime.

Question 2
Prior to prescribing metformin, the provider should:

Question options:
Draw a serum creatinine to assess renal function
Try the patient on insulin
Tell the patient to increase iodine intake
Have the patient stop taking any sulfonylurea to avoid dangerous drug interactions

Question 3
Insulin preparations are divided into categories based on onset, duration, and intensity of action following subcutaneous injection. Which of the following insulin preparations has the shortest onset and duration of action?

Question options:
Lispro
Glulisine
Glargine
Detemir

Question 4
The drugs recommended for older adults with type 2 diabetes include:

Question options:
Second-generation sulfonylureas
Metformin
Pioglitazone
Third-generation sulfonylureas

Question 5
Women with an intact uterus should be treated with both estrogen and progestin due to:

Question options:
Increased risk for endometrial cancer if estrogen alone is used
Combination therapy provides the best relief of menopausal vasomotor symptoms
Reduced risk for colon cancer with combined therapy
Lower risk of developing blood clots with combined therapy

Question 6
Bisphosphonate administration education includes:

Question options:
Taking it on a full stomach
Requiring sitting erect for at least 30 minutes afterward
Drinking it with orange juice
Taking it with H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors (PPI) to protect the stomach

Question 7
Long-term use of androgens requires specific laboratory monitoring of:

Question options:
Glucose, calcium, testosterone, and thyroid function
Calcium, testosterone, PSA, and liver function
Calcium, testosterone, PSA, liver function, glucose, and lipids
CBC, testosterone, PSA, and thyroid level

Question 8
Patients taking hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy need to take the drug daily at the same time to prevent:

Question options:
Nausea
Breakthrough bleeding
Breast tenderness
Pregnancy

Question 9
The mechanism of action of oral combined contraceptives that prevents pregnancy is:

Question options:
Estrogen prevents the luteinizing hormone surge necessary for ovulation.
Progestins thicken cervical mucus and slow tubal motility.
Estrogen thins the endometrium making implantation difficult.
Progestin suppresses follicle stimulating hormone release.

Question 10
When starting a patient with hypothyroidism on thyroid replacement hormones patient education would include:

Question options:
They should feel symptomatic improvement in 1 to 2 weeks.
Drug adverse effects such as lethargy and dry skin may occur.
It may take 4 to 8 weeks to get to euthyroid symptomatically and by laboratory testing.
Because of its short half-life, levothyroxine doses should not be missed.