Question 1

______________ were granted by the British government to allow several people to create organizations by pooling financial resources, which enabled riskier business projects to be undertaken.
A.pacts
B.charters
C.constitutions
D.doctrines
E.none of the above

Question 2

Settlements in Roanoke, Jamestown and Plymouth were early examples of ________________.
A.business ventures
B.participant democracies
C.uplifting indigineous populations
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 3

The ________________, chartered by King James, searched for gold and gems and led trading in furs and spices in the Roanoke Islands.
A.Columbus excursions
B.Jamestown settlements
C.Virginia Company of London
D.American Charters
E.none of the above

Question 4

_____________________ were laborers who served their masters for several years in exchange for transportation, food, clothing, lodging, and eventual freedom.
A.slaves
B.settlers
C.indentured servants
D.Pilgrims
E.none of the above

Question 5

Among the reasons Pilgrims settled in Massachusetts were desires for:
A.religious freedoms
B.economic opportunities
C.new trade routes
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 6

The ________________ in 1773 was a major colonial incident resulting from the East India Company's monopolistic business practices.
A.Boston Tea Party
B.Plymouth settlement
C.Revolutionary war
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 7

The Boston Tea Party was a response to which of the following British policies?
A.monopolistic business practices
B.attempts to limit religious freedoms
C.attempts to limit the rights of indigenous people
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 8

Which of the following early leaders was not among the authors of the Declaration of Independence?
A.Thomas Jefferson
B.James Madison
C.Benjamin Franklin
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 9

Which of the following rights were not included in the Bill of Rights?
A.right to bear arms
B.freedom of the press
C.freedom from unreasonable search and seizure
D.freedom to rule the colonies
E.freedom of religion

Question 10

The fundamental belief on which the Declaration of Independence was founded, grounded in philosophical notions of basic human rights, was ________________.
A.the right to bear arms
B.the right to own property
C.government should be based on the consent of the governed
D.government should pursue happiness
E.none of the above

Question 11

_____________, a Scottish philosopher, provided many of the teachings that underlie capitalist systems.
A.James Madison
B.Adam Smith
C.John Locke
D.King George III
E.none of the above

Question 12

Fundamental notions behind Adam Smith's concept of a fair economic system include which of the following?
A.reason and liberty
B.freedom and religious control
C.selfishness and justice
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 13

Adam Smith argued that "wealth of nations" resulted from which of the following?
A.freedom and competition
B.economic self-interest
C.capitalist economic systems
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 14

According to its definition, capitalism as an economic system is characterized by which of the following?
A.mercantilist policies
B.democratic policies
C.freedom and competition
D.religious freedom
E.selfishness at all costs

Question 15

Which of the following were not among the benefits early capitalists associated with a free and competitive market economy?
A.more goods and services
B.lower prices
C.better-quality products
D.greater labor flexibility
E.higher tax revenues

Question 16

Adam Smith argued that when self-regulating moral mechanisms fail, ________________ must serve to protect the public from egregious immoral actions.
A.democracy
B.strong justice systems
C.individual sanctions
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 17

Prior to capitalism, key management positions were often filled based on which of the following?
A.family connections
B.political connections
C.wealth
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 18

Government intervention in the marketplace, Smith reasoned, is needed under only which of the following conditions:
A.when contracts are violated
B.when merchants abuse their freedom by committing injustices against others
C.when the pursuit of self-interest does not generate highly desired social welfare benefits
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 19

Smith cautioned that owners who do not rely on moral sentiments when dealing with laborers could result in which of the following problems:
A.an overabundance of labor, which could drive wages below subsistence levels
B.excessive application of piece-rate incentives, which could increase productivity in the short term but damage the worker's health in the long run
C.excessive application of division of labor, which could increase productivity in the short term but damage the worker's intellectual abilities in the long term
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 20

The period in the early 1800s marked by significant economic growth in the United States was called:
A.the Revolutionary War
B.the Industrial Revolution
C.the Declaration of Independence
D.the birth of capitalism.
E.none of the above

Question 21

Ethical behavior models provide which of the following:
A.rationalizations for questionable decision making
B.frameworks for decision making based on rational principles
C.fail-safe solutions to moral dilemmas
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 22

Ethical dilemmas typically involve trade-offs based on _______________.
A.right versus wrong
B.competing values and interests
C.moral versus immoral choices
D.correct versus incorrect decisions
E.none of the above

Question 23

James Rest's four-component model is a useful tool for exploring __________________.
A.stages of moral development,
B.ethical decision making
C.moral versus immoral actions
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 24

The four-component model indicates that individuals are likely to behave morally if which of the following conditions are present?
A.awareness of an ethical dilemma and formation of a moral judgment
B.development of motivation to address the moral dilemma
C.the individual is a person of high moral character
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 25

Which step is missing in the sequence of moral behavior? Ethical belief, _________________, ethical action
A.ethical intent
B.ethical understanding
C.ethical behavior
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 26

Individual characteristics that are associated with ethical beliefs, sensitivities, intentions and behaviors include which of the following?
A.more education
B.more work experience
C.religion
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 27

A ____________ is a mental state that guides behaviors.
A.opinion
B.belief
C.moral
D.sensitivity
E.none of the above

Question 28

Ethical _________________ refers to an individual's awareness that a particular situation raises ethical concerns.
A.opinion
B.belief
C.moral
D.sensitivity
E.none of the above

Question 29

A quick insight independent of any reasoning process of right and wrong is known as:
A.ethical sensitivity
B.ethical judgment
C.ethical intuition
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 30

"Gut reactions" that characterize how many ethical decisions are made typically derive from:
A.moral reasoning
B.personal value systems
C.ethical sensitivity
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 31

Individuals whose beliefs are consistent with a conservative political persuasion tend to focus on which of the following value sets?
A.ingroup/loyalty
B.authority/respect
C.purity/sanctity
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 32

Individuals whose beliefs are consistent with a liberal political persuasion tend to focus on which of the following value sets?
A.ingroup/loyalty
B.fairness/reciprocity
C.authority/respect
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 33

According to Ajzen's theory of __________________, formulating an intention to act ethically is a function of a person's attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
A.moral development
B.ethical sensitivity
C.planned behavior
D.moral reasoning
E.none of the above

Question 34

________, which is likely to determine the magnitude of a person's moral approval or disapproval, is dependent on issue-related factors, rather than individual or organizational factors.
A.moral sensitivity
B.moral intention
C.moral intensity
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 35

According to theorist Tom Jones, an issue's moral intensity is likely to vary based on which of the following factors?
A.magnitude of consequences
B.social consensus
C.probability of effect
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 36

________________ refers to the degree of social agreement that an act is good or bad.
A.Social norms
B.Social consensus
C.Social pressure
D.Social dilemmas
E.none of the above

Question 37

______________ refers to the length of time between an act and the onset of consequences associated with the act.
A.Probability of effect
B.Magnitude of consequences
C.Temporal immediacy
D.Proximity
E.none of the above

Question 38

Harmful acts concentrated in a particular area and characterized by ______________, or nearness of an act to its victims and beneficiaries, have high moral intensity.
A.temporal immediacy
B.concentration of effect
C.proximity
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 39

Among the organizational characteristics associated with ethical behaviors are which of the following?
A.codes of ethics
B.ethical climate/culture
C.organization size
D.all of the above
E.none of the above

Question 40

Ethical ______________ is determining mentally to take some action that is believed to be morally appropriate.
A.behavior
B.intention
C.sensitivity
D.action
E.none of the above.