QUESTION 1: Treatment variable is another name for
independent variable.
dependent variable.
extraneous variable.
mediating variable.

QUESTION 2: Laura was conducting a study on two treatment interventions to increase patriotism. During her study, the terrorist attacks on the Pentagon occurred. This is an example of which of the following validity threats?
Statistical regression
Instrumentation
History
Testing

QUESTION 3: Anne's study compared pre-post differences in pre-kindergarten children's strategies for alternatives to violent displays when frustrated by others. She found that there were differences between pre- and post-testing. With which validity threat should Anne be most concerned?
Differential selection
Statistical regression
Maturity
Instrumentation

QUESTION 4: In Katia's remedial mathematics study, she collected pretest data from a group of participants. She divided the participants into three groups. One group received no treatment, one group received instruction by a teacher-delivered intervention, one group received peer-tutoring on the same problems. After the intervention she tested their math skills. With which validity threat should Katia be most concerned?
Maturation
Testing
Instrumentation
Mortality

QUESTION 5: Max's study compared the differences in teachers' attitudes about inclusion before and after a Saturday in-service training. He assessed their post-intervention attitudes with a self-report questionnaire. With which of the following threats to validity should Max be particularly concerned?
Instrumentation
Mortality
Selection
History

QUESTION 6: Russell's study compared GPA of students who volunteered for academic study skills training and those who did not elect to take the training. He found that those who had the training also had higher GPA. With which validity threat should Russell be most concerned?
Maturation
Instrumentation
History
Selection

QUESTION 7: Shelly's study compared the effects of two different types of phonemic instruction on young children who volunteered to participate in the study. She gave each participant who completed the study two pencils and three stickers. These incentives are likely a strategy to decrease the threat of
history
instrumentation
differential selection
mortality

QUESTION 8: Nadine conducted a pretest-posttest control group design. The comparison group received a traditional lecture of course content while the treatment group received the lecture and instructor-provided summary notes. She found, however, no differences between conditions, due in part to students sharing the instructor summaries across conditions. This is an example of
compensatory rivalry.
treatment diffusion.
placebo effect.
experimenter bias.

QUESTION 9: In a recent study of young children's reading skills, Gregg and Steve both collected data. Gregg did not push the children and his scores are systematically lower than are Steve's. This example illustrates
compensatory rivalry.
placebo effect.
treatment diffusion.
experimenter effects.

QUESTION 10: Given a choice of the following research designs, which design controls the most threats to internal validity?
One-shot case study
One group pretest-posttest
Static group comparison
Pretest-posttest control group

QUESTION 11: One drawback of the Solomon four-group design is
lack of control for threats to internal validity.
the large number of participants needed.
systematic desensitization.
increased experimenter effects.

QUESTION 12: A factorial design includes
one manipulated independent variable.
more than one manipulated independent variable.
two or more independent variables, one of which is manipulated.
multiple dependent variables.

QUESTION 13: Scenario: Jack wants to test if runners on his cross-country team improve with his new training regimen. He takes their times at the beginning of the season and again at the end of the season.

Question: Which of the following designs is Jack best illustrating?
One-shot case study
One-group pretest-posttest design
Pretest-posttest control group design
Time series design

QUESTION 14: Scenario: Jack wants to test if runners on his cross-country team improve with his new training regimen. He takes their times at the beginning of the season and again at the end of the season.

Question: Runners in Jack's study who improved their times due to running generally and not necessarily due to the new regimen is an example of which of the following threats?
Selection
Maturation
History
Instrumentation

QUESTION 15: Jorge studies the effects of mnemonic training on learning vocabulary. He randomly assigns one group to a no-treatment control and he gives mnemonic training to the other group. He assesses them at the end of the study and compares how many words they know. Which of the following designs is Jorge best illustrating?
Pretest-Posttest control group design
Nonequivalent group control group design
Posttest-only control group design
Time series design

QUESTION 16: Nora is interested in differences in amount of content retained from a lecture based on time of class. She compares her two sessions - one that meets at 8 am and one that meets at 2 pm - by testing them, unannounced, on content that she taught two weeks ago. Which of the following designs is Nora best illustrating?
One-shot case study
One group pretest-posttest design
Posttest-only control group design
Static group comparison

QUESTION 17: Kari wants to make sure that all students in her study get both of the treatments she is testing. To assure all subjects get both interventions, which of the following designs should Kari consider?
Within-subjects design
Solomon Four-Way Group design
Counterbalanced design
Nonequivalent groups control group design

QUESTION 18: A study that addressed the effects of gender and type of practice (massed, distributed, massed and distributed) would be symbolized as
2 x 2 factorial design
3 x 2 factorial design
4 x 2 factorial design
Solomon four-group design

QUESTION 19: Ingrid works as a teacher in a small private school that does not have a food service program. She sees what kids bring to school and is very worried that families are not supporting their children's nutritional needs enough. This year she decides to conduct a study to see if sending home literature and homework that parents must do with their children makes a difference in their application of appropriate selections in children's lunches at the end of the year. Which of the following designs best represents Ingrid's research design plan?
One-shot case study
Static group comparison
Pretest-posttest control group
Solomon four-group design

QUESTION 20: Francis wants to present the average mathematics score attained by the participants in her study. She needs to report a measure of
dispersion index.
variability.
central tendency.
relative position.

QUESTION 21: A small deviation indicates that
there are a small number of data points.
the median score is relatively small.
the variance in scores is small.
there are a number of missing data points.

QUESTION 22: A standard score is a measure of
variability.
central tendency.
relative position.
correlation.

QUESTION 23: The z score is an example of
standard score.
correlation measure.
variability.
measure of central tendency.

QUESTION 24: Scenario: Given the following scores on a midterm exam - 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80, 76, 78, 94, 94, 90, 84, 86, 88, 87, 92, 96, 74, 93 - find the best answer to this question:

Calculate the mean of the scores.
83
86
90
92

QUESTION 25: Scenario: Given the following scores on a midterm exam - 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80, 76, 78, 94, 94, 90, 84, 86, 88, 87, 92, 96, 74, 93 - find the best answer to this question:

Calculate the standard deviation of the scores.
4.6
6.8
8.7
9.4

QUESTION 26: Scenario: Given the following scores on a midterm exam - 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80, 76, 78, 94, 94, 90, 84, 86, 88, 87, 92, 96, 74, 93 - find the best answer to this question:

What is the range?
24
28
32
46

QUESTION 27: Scenario: Given the following scores on a midterm exam - 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80, 76, 78, 94, 94, 90, 84, 86, 88, 87, 92, 96, 74, 93 - find the best answer to this question:

What is the median?
88
86
84
82

QUESTION 28: Scenario: Given the following scores on a midterm exam - 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80, 76, 78, 94, 94, 90, 84, 86, 88, 87, 92, 96, 74, 93 - find the best answer to this question:

What is the mode?
68
76
84
90