Question 1. The systematic study of human society is known as _____.

psychology
science
anthropology
sociology
social psychology

Question 2. The study of the larger world and our society's place in it is known as _____.

a social science perspective
a scientific perspective
a social psychological perspective
a sociological perspective
a global perspective

Question 3. When Peter Berger characterized the sociological perspective as "seeing the general in the particular," he meant that sociology allows us to _____.

recognize that society has the same effect on all categories of people
see that people in general are rather particular about their behaviors
make generalizations about individuals' particular habits
see McArthur in his Jeep, Patton in his tank, or Bradley in his personnel carrier
look for general patterns in the behavior of particular people

Question 4. Of the major theoretical theories in sociology, which one views society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change?

Social-solidarity paradigm
Social-conflict theory
Symbolic-interaction paradigm
Structural-functional paradigm
Symbolic-conflict paradigm

Question 5. Functions of institutions that are open, stated, and conscious functions; that involve the intended, recognized consequences of any social pattern are known as _____.

Oktoberfest
manifest
latent
obvious
direct

Question 6. Which is the term for a concept that has a value that changes from case to case?

Concept
Measurement
Changeling
Variable
Term

Question 7. Independent variable is to dependent variable as _____.

blood is to water
effect is to cause
cause is to effect
variable is to constant
logic is to intuition

Question 8. A relationship in which two (or more) variables change together is called _____.

a correlation
a variation
measurement congruence
a replication
an event horizon

Question 9. What research method was used in Philip Zimbardo's study, the "Stanford County Prison"?

Captive participant observation
Ethnographic field observation
An experiment
Participant observation
The hellgrammite method

Question 10. A criticism of the symbolic-interaction approach is that it

says little about how individuals actually experience society.
wanted to colorize Casablanca.
ignores the influence of factors such as culture, class, gender, and race.
focuses too much on class.
paints a very positive picture of society.

Question 11.  On the first day of basic training in the army, Pvt. N. Terprize has his civilian clothes replaced with army "greens," has his hair shaved off, loses his privacy, and finds that he must use a communal bathroom and other people decide when he eats, sleeps, and what job he does. Erving Goffman would say that all these humiliating activities are part of _____.

a humiliation ceremony
impression management
the total institution
face-work
a deprivation ceremony

Question 12. Other than perceiving the competing realities in a joke, what is sometimes involved in "getting" and enjoying a joke?

The joke must be universally funny.
The joke must be simple.
The audience must inferentially complete the joke in their minds.
The joke teller must explain the joke and provide more and more information until it is understood.
The listener must be able to tell a joke well in order to get a joke.

Question 13. Which is the order of the stages of human development in Jean Piaget's model?

Sensorimotor, preoperational, operational, and post operational
Preoperational, post operational, concrete operational, and formal operational
Sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational, and post operational
Formal operation, concrete operational, preoperational, and sensorimotor
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational

Question 14. Erving Goffman makes so many explicit parallels to the theater that his view has been termed _____.

Shakespearean
Theatrical
Stage Directions
Method Sociology
the Dramaturgical Approach

Question 15. Shrimp merchant Sheldon Devane is the son of immigrants, and lives with his aunt and uncle while enrolled at a four-year university where he is studying to be a graphic artist. Which of the following is his achieved status?

Graphic artist
Male
Son
University student
Nephew

Question 16. Taxi cab driver Peacup Andropov maintains that human behavior results from learning and has no gentic component. His position is the fundamental opposite of _____.

sociobiologists
G. H. Mead
interactionists
social paychologists
structural functionalists

Question 17. Mashie Nibblet is a pro at a country club and loves to play golf, but hates to teach it to the country club members. Mashie is experiencing _____.

role conflict
role strain
role ambiguity
role exit
a handicap that, if not ironed out, would leave him feeling below par with a chip on his shoulder resulting in a stroke

Question 18. Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance are _____.

folkways
mores
stateways
nationways
s'mores

Question 19. Standards by which members of a culture assess desirability, goodness, and beauty and that serve as broad guidelines for social living are referred to as _________, and ___________ are rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members.

values; norms
norms; values
values; symbols
language; norms
values; language

Question 20. All of the following are theories of cultural, EXCEPT _____.

Structural-Functional
Social Conflict.
Anthropomorphic
Sociobiology
Feminist

Question 21. Given North American tradition, what type of leadership would she be expected to show?

Task group leadership
Secondary group leadership
Expressive leadership
Instrumental leadership
Autocratic leadership

Question 22. Which statement reflects Georg Simmel's understanding of the dyad?

She was one of the greatest marathon swimmers of all time and is a fine sports commentator.
There usually is less intense interaction in a dyad.
Dyads have the least potential for meaningful social bonds.
One member can act as a mediator if relations become strained.
Dyads are less stable than groups with many members.

Question 23. Ross T. Farrian's itinerary for the day is to first, go to school; second, visit a maximum-security prison with his criminology class; and third, to serve dinner at the community soup kitchen. Ross is visiting, in order, a _____, _____, and _____ organization.

normative, coercive, utilitarian
coercive, normative, utilitarian
utilitarian, coercive, normative
utilitarian, normative, coercive
normative, utilitarian, coercive

Question 24. _____ feel they are trapped in the wrong body.

Hermaphrodites
Homosexuals
Transvestites
Transsexuals
Transylvanians

Question 25. Which statement is true concerning intersexual people?

They are sexually attracted to both sexes.
They are attracted to neither sex.
They have both female and male characteristics.
They have no gender.
They are in the middle of gender reassignment surgery.

Question 26. Pat Rearc argues that without norms controlling sexual behavior and thus giving the forces of sexual passion free reign, family life and the raising of children would be threatened. To which paradigm would Pat be aligned?

Structural Functional Theory
Symbolic Interaction Theory
Social Conflict Theory
Queer Theory
Exchange Theory

Question 27. Emile Durkheim proposed several functions of deviance. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Deviance affirms cultural values and norms.
Deviance provides employment for a large segment of the work force.
Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries.
Deviance encourages social change.
Deviance promotes social unity.

Question 28. Travis Hirschi's approach to deviance and control proposes that

Hirschi is a deviant spelling of Hershey.
deviance results from differential access to wealth.
deviance is a frustration of ambition.
individualism inhibits the deviance.
everyone finds at least some deviance tempting.

Question 29. There are four basic reasons to punish: moral vengeance, reforming the offender, discourage criminality, and render the offender incapable of further offenses. The terms for these are in order:

retribution, social protection, rehabilitation and deterrence.
deterrence, retribution, social protection, and rehabilitation.
social protection, deterrence, retribution, and rehabilitation
retribution, rehabilitation, deterrence, and social protection.
deterrence, social protection, retribution, and rehabilitation.

Question 30. In France during the Middle Ages, the third estate, second estate, and first estate refer respectively to

nobility, high clergy, and commoner.
high clergy, nobility, and commoner.
commoner, high clergy, and nobility.
commoner, nobility, and high clergy.
high clergy, commoner, and nobility

Question 31. Kuznet's curve suggests that

it could be an effective pitch for the veteran who is starting to lose a little something on his fast ball.
industrial societies will, in the longer run, remain unchanged.
industrial societies tend to become less stratified than agrarian societies.
as human technological sophistication has increased, social stratification has decreased.
industrialization and social stratification are unrelated.

Question 32. _____ is the term for earnings from work or investments and _____ is the term for the total value of money and other assets, minus outstanding debts.

Income; personal property
Profit; income
Wealth; income
Income; wealth
Rent; net worth

Question 33. Which theory of poverty blames poverty on the shortcomings of the poor themselves?

Individual responsibility theory
Personal chioce theory
Social forces theory
Culture of poverty theory
Legacy or poverty theory

Question 34. Which of the following did Max Weber suggest were analytically distinct components of stratification?

Conformity, deviance, and social control
Power, prestige, and position
Class, caste, and age
Class, prestige, and esteem
Class, status, and power

Question 35. Accounts Payable Administrator Imelda Czechs works for a small international corporation. This category of work can be described as _____

blue-collar work.
white-collar work.
pink-collar work.
fur collar work.
no-collar work.

Question 36. Which type of slavery consists of employers holding workers by paying them too little to cover their debts?

Chattel slavery
Child slavery
Debt bondage
Debit slavery
Revolving credit slavery

Question 37. Which of the following gives the correct order of stages of modernization according to W. W. Rostow?

High mass consumption, traditional, drive to technological maturity, and take-off
Traditional, drive to technological maturity, take-off, and high mass consumption
High mass consumption, traditional, take-off, and drive to technological maturity
Traditional, take-off, drive to technological maturity, and high mass consumption
Take-off, drive to traditional maturity, technological, and consume mass quantities

Question 38. Andre Gunder Frank states that poor nations

are responsible for their own poverty.
were "underdeveloped," or made poor, by rich nations.
suffer from traditional culture.
need to gain more productive technology.
can be helped with the investment of multinational corporations.

Question 39. According to Immanuel Wallerstein's view of the global economic system, which type of nation is relatively independent of outside control?

Core
Periphery
Semiperiphery
Marginality
Tertiary

Question 40. While modernization theory focuses on _____, dependency theory focuses on _____.

poor nations; rich nations
distribution of wealth; production of wealth
production of wealth; distribution of wealth
culture; economics
multinationals; self-reliance

Question 41. Back in 1900, it was common in the United States to consider people of these ancestries as "nonwhite."

Irish, Italian, or Jewish
French, German, or Swiss
Dutch, French, or Swede
Austrian, Norse, or Prussian

Question 42. Ethnicity refers to ______.

a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences
socially constructed categories based on cultural traits a society defines as important
a group whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group
a collective that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life
all people from the same country

Question 43. The unequal treatment of various categories of people is known as

stereotyping.
ethnocentrism.
discrimination.
segregation.
active prejudice.

Question 44. The claim that defining members of some minority as inferior will make them inferior is one application of

social distance research.
the iron law of oligarchy.
the Thomas theorem.
authoritarian personality theory.
exploitation theory.

Question 45. The barrier that is invisible, but which prevents women from rising beyond middle-management positions, is referred to as

the "glass ceiling."
the "closed top."
transparent discrimination.
the "ceiling of upper management."
the "impermeable barrier."

Question 46. _____ refers to social organization in which males dominate females.

Patriarchy
Matriarchy
Monarchy
Oligarchy
Fratriarchy

Question 47. Talcott Parsons explained that males tend to exhibit _____ behavior, while females are more _____.

instrumental; expressive
expressive; instrumental
egalitarian; hierarchical
rational; emotional
emotional; rational

Question 48. Which type of feminism seeks to end patriarchy by eliminating the idea of gender itself?

Liberal feminism
Socialist feminism
Radical feminism
Moderate feminism
Libertarian feminism

Question 49. Comparing school performance, researchers have found that the most important cause of the achievement gap between rich and poor children is

differences in schools.
differences in home environments.
differences in personal ability.
differences in personal health.
differences in family composition.

Question 50. _____ and _____ theories explain that families perpetuate social inequality in U.S. society through inheritance of private property, encouraging patriarchy, and passing on racial and ethnic inequality.

Feminist; functionalist
Social-exchange; feminist
Social-exchange; interactionist
Global; internationalist
Feminist; social conflict

Question 51. When Mort Tality assisted in the death of his wife Fay, who was suffering from an incurable disease, he engaged in

Euthanasia.
Youthinasia.
Homicide.
Misdemeanour.
Kevorkianism.

Question 52. The term empty nest refers to

families whose children have grown and left home.
women who choose to remain single.
women who marry, but choose to remain childless.
egalitarian family structures.
couples who are unable to have a child.

Question 53. A religious organization that stands apart from the larger society is a _____, while a _____ is a religious organization that is largely outside a society's cultural traditions.

church; sect
sect; cult
cult; church
denomination; cult
cult; sect

Question 54. According to Max Weber's analysis of Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Protestantism held back the development of capitalism for years.
Protestantism, with its conflict with the Roman Catholic Church, fostered social unrest, and averted a socialist revolution.
Protestantism even with its argument with the dominant Roman Catholic Church, still supported the economic status quo.
Protestantism stressed duty and hard work, boosting economic production and fostering the rise of capitalism.
Protestantism, with its conflict with the Roman Catholic Church, fostered social unrest, and a socialist revolution.

Question 55. Charter schools are

private schools that typically enroll high-income students.
public schools that have the freedom to try new programs and policies.
private schools that have a religious curriculum.
public schools that are run by private companies.
public schools established through a land grant charter.

Question 56. Following the social-conflict approach, patterns of health and illness are seen largely as a product of

technology.
how people define the situation they experience.
how culture defines health and illness.
a mobile society
social inequality.

Question 57. Which term do we use to refer to a political and economic system that combines a mostly market-based economy with extensive social welfare programs??

Modernization
Socialism
Welfare capitalism
Capitalism
Communism

Question 58. In a capitalist economic system, justice amounts to

doing what is best for society's poorest members.
everyone being more or less economically equal.
freedom of the marketplace allowing people to follow their self-interest.
no one going hungry.
little more than lip service.

Question 59. The Marxist political-economy model suggests that

power is no longer concentrated in the hands of a few.
an anti-democratic bias exists in the capitalist system.
power is widely dispersed throughout society.
many people do not vote because they are satisfied with the political system..
that the only justice in the halls of justice is in the halls.

Question 60. Which of Weber's types of authority is also know as bureaucratic authority?

Egalitarian authority
Charismatic authority
Traditional authority
Rational-legal authority
Representative authority