Question 1 of 20

What is "stakeholder theory"?

A. Corporate managers are obligated only to the shareholders, and no one else, because they own the corporation.

B. Corporate managers are obligated only to the customers, and no one else, because they are the lifeblood of the corporation.

C. Corporate managers should consider everyone, including outside interests, when making a decision.

D. Corporate managers should consider all groups or individuals who can affect the achievement of an organization's objectives.

Question 2 of 20

What ethical stance should managers adopt when in a foreign country whose laws and culture are different than what they are used to?

A. Judge each case as it comes along.

B. Stick to the higher standards that are typical in their home country.

C. Always follow local practices and laws.

D. Follow their own personal code of ethics.

Question 3 of 20

What is NOT one of the arguments against globalization?

A. It harms national unity.

B. It has spread inequality between nations.

C. It leaves behind poorer nations that have only cheap agricultural products to sell.

D. It erodes local cultural diversity.

Question 4 of 20

The term for the worldwide process by which the economic and social systems of nations become connected is called __________.

A. connectivity

B. internationalization

C. multinationalism

D. globalization

Question 5 of 20

What does the "Loyal Agent Argument" state?

A. An employer would want to be served in whatever ways will advance his or her self-interests.

B. A customer expects to be served in whatever ways will ensure their loyalty to the company or brand.

C. An employee has a duty only to themselves as a loyal agent, and nobody else.

D. Companies will not waste time serving ethical needs because acting ethically does not advance their self-interests.

Question 6 of 20

Carol Gilligan criticizes Kohlberg's theory on the basis of what?

A. Not all societies implicitly teach right and wrong.

B. His theory did not include people from other cultures.

C. His theory did not include different age groups.

D. His theory was based mostly on male subjects.

Question 7 of 20

In the Integrative Social Contracts Theory, what is the term for moral standards that differ from one community to another?

A. social norms

B. microsocial norms

C. hypernorms

D. communal norms

Question 8 of 20

What happens during the Conventional Stages of Kohlberg's Three Levels of Moral Development?

A. Children can see moral rights and wrongs.

B. Children can apply the labels good, bad, right, and wrong.

C. Children satisfy their own needs through right actions.

D. The person tries to see right and wrong impartially.

Question 9 of 20

Though business ethics covers a variety of topics, three basic types of issues are __________.

A. systemic, corporate, and public

B. systemic, corporate, and individual

C. individual, group, and social

D. none of the above

Question 10 of 20

Which of the following are necessary for moral reasoning?

A. cognition

B. logic

C. emotions

D. all of the above

Question 11 of 20

The ISCT framework describes two kinds of moral standards: hypernorms and microsocial norms. What does ISCT stand for?

A. Implicit Social Cognitive Transition

B. Integrative Social Contracts Theory

C. International Social Consensus Theory

D. Integral Society Cognition Theory

Question 12 of 20

Which of the following is not an argument for bringing ethics into business?

A. A business will collapse if all its managers, employees, and customers steal, lie, or break agreements.

B. Ethical people will be more loyal customers and will spend more money.

C. A stable society is necessary to conduct business dealings.

D. None of the above

Question 13 of 20

When are our values formed?

A. during childhood, and they do not change after that

B. during adolescence

C. once we are adults

D. all throughout our lives as we mature

Question 14 of 20

What are the two stages within the first level (Preconventional level. of Kohlberg's Three Levels of Moral Development?

A. punishment and obedience orientation; instrumental and relative orientation

B. interpersonal concordance orientation; law and order orientation

C. social contract orientation; universal moral principles orientation

D. microsocial norm orientation; interpersonal concordance orientation

Question 15 of 20

What are the three elements of moral responsibility?

A. causality, forethought, knowledge

B. causality, knowledge, malice

C. causality, knowledge, freedom

D. freedom, knowledge, malice

Question 16 of 20

Which of the following ethical issues did NOT arise as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

A. worker exploitation in factories

B. environmental damage

C. manipulation of the new financial markets

D. customer privacy issues

Question 17 of 20

According to Gilligan's Theory of Female Moral Development, how do males typically tend to deal with moral issues?

A. in an emotionally biased manner

B. in a manner based on family and community norms

C. in terms of specific, personal moral principles

D. in terms of impersonal, abstract moral principles

Question 18 of 20

What is an example of a microsocial norm?

A. prohibition of murder

B. prohibition of alcohol

C. prohibition of torture

D. prohibition of stealing

Question 19 of 20

How many stages of moral development did Lawrence Kohlberg identify?

A. two

B. six

C. three

D. twelve

Question 20 of 20

Which of the following is NOT a universal moral value or norm that anthropologists have found in all human groups?

A. prohibition against breaking promises

B. the requirement to compensate injuries

C. restrictions on all forms of violence

D. the appropriateness of having pride for one's achievements