Question 1. Nagel argues that the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were just like what other kind of action, just on a larger scale?

• Killing the wife and child of someone attacking you in order to distract him from his attack.
• Bombing a munitions factory and killing some of the civilian workers inside.
• Firing at an enemy soldier and hitting an innocent bystander with a stray bullet.
• Bombing a convoy of enemy soldiers.

Question 2. According to Kant, persons:

• are rational beings.
• must always be regarded as an end.
• have absolute value.
• all of the above.

Question 3. Which one of these is not a way of expressing Kant's Categorical Imperative?

• Act as if the maxim of your action were to become by your will a universal law.
• Act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means.
• Act so that the maxim of your action ensures the satisfaction of your desires.
• None of the above.

Question 4. Kant explains that respect for a person is:

• the recognition of the worth of the person's potential contribution to society.
• dependent upon whether the person respects others.
• both A and B
• none of the above.

Question 5. In the video "What is Just War Theory?" Michael Walzer states that a core idea of Just War Theory

• requires us to imagine the rules of war as they would apply to a peaceful, civil society
• requires us to judge the conduct of a war independently of the character of the war
• requires us to imagine that a war is like a bank robbery, and that the just warrior defending his country has rights the unjust warrior invading his country does not have
• none of the above

Question 6. In the video, "Drones Are Ethical and Effective," Kenneth Anderson argues that the use of drones is ethical because @The answer can be found in the video "Drones Are Ethical and Effective"

• it provides a greater separation between the target and operator
• it allows us to maintain a list of high value targets
• it is more precise than other forms of weaponry
• none of the above

Question 7. Which would be an example of a hypothetical imperative, according to Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals:

• If I want to keep my customers, I should be honest with them.
• It would be nice if everyone respected each other.
• I ought never to make a promise that I don't intend to keep.
• all of the above.

Question 8. 8. In Kant Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, the maxim of an act is:

• the policy or principle that you would be following if you did it.
• the expected overall utility resulting from the action.
• the moral rule that an act either respects or violates .
• all of the above.

Question 9. Nagel's argument that hostility or aggression should be directed at its true object means that which of the following would probably not be permissible?

• Torturing a prisoner to get the names of his confederates.
• Attacking an enemy country's agricultural system.
• Bombing major cultural centers.
• All of the above.

Question 10. According to Thomas Nagel's article, "War and Massacre," the absolutist position that creates no problems of interpretation is

• rule utilitarianism
• act utilitarianism
• pacifism
• humanitarian intervention

Question 11. According to Nagel, to which of the following groups of people is hostility most appropriately aimed?

• Innocents
• Civilians
• Combatants
• Non-combatants

Question 12. In the article "War and Massacre," Thomas Nagel argues that moral absolutism

• is consistent with the principles of utilitarianism
• can be used to justify genocide
• is primarily concerned with what a person is doing
• is primarily concerned with the outcome of a person's actions

Question 13. Kant argues that when I find someone in need:

• I should give whatever spare resources I have unless it makes me worse off than the person I'm trying to help.
• I should consider a world in which no one helped me when I was in need, recognize that I could never will such a world, and help them in the best way that I can.
• I should sympathize with them, but recognize that the world is better off overall if we each only look after our own interests.
• I should remember that as autonomous beings they are responsible for their own situation, and thus that I have no responsibility to help them out.

Question 14. According to Nagel, which of the following may be permitted by absolutism, at least in some circumstances?

• Intentionally killing an innocent person
• Doing something that brings about an innocent person's death
• Dropping a nuclear bomb on an enemy city
• Torturing an innocent person

Question 15. Kant argues that we should never use people as a means:

• unless we are certain that it benefits the majority.
• unless we are certain that it is to their own long-term benefit.
• unless we are respecting their rational autonomy at the same time.
• for any purpose whatsoever.

Question 16. According to the video "Religion, War, and Violence," proponents of Just War Theory agree that without the restraints of Just War Theory

• the violence and aggression of war would be worse
• humanitarian intervention would be more successful
• prisoners and noncombatants would have greater equality
• none of the above

Question 17. Reason is a faculty that we have that:

• is only good if it succeeds in satisfying our desires.
• is the driving principle of a good will.
• is the fundamental ground of human dignity.
• both B and C

Question 18. Jeremy Waldron argues that the current use of drone warfare is unethical because

• it is conducted by unlawful combatants such as CIA personnel who are not subject to military ethics
• it is conducted by individuals who are thousands of miles removed from targets
• it may result in unintended civilian casualties
• all of the above

Question 19. According to the video "Religion, War, and Violence," Just War Theory asserts that military intervention

• can be seen as an act of altruism
• must always have an altruistic component
• must be primarily an act of altruism
• must never have an altruistic component

Question 20. Jeremy Waldron argues that drone warfare is neither ethical or effective because it

• threatens a world of death lists and death squads
• promotes the growth of terrorism
• inhibits the development of counter-terrorism strategies
• all of the above