Question 1
__________ is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence toward attaining a goal.

A. Leadership

B. Motivation

C. Selective perception

D. Emotional labor

Question 2
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of moods and emotions on decision-making?

A. OB researchers are increasingly finding that moods and emotions do not affect decision-making.

B. People in good moods or experiencing positive emotions are less likely than others to use heuristics, or rules of thumb.

C. Positive emotions tend to diminish problem-solving skills.

D. Depressed people tend to weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones.

Question 3
Which of the following theories discusses three relationships: effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship, and rewards-personal goals relationship?

A. goal-setting theory

B. self-efficacy theory

C. equity theory

D. expectancy theory

Question 4
__________ is a participative process that uses employees' input to increase their commitment to the organization's success.

A. Job enrichment

B. Employee involvement

C. Organizational reengineering

D. Corporate restructuring

Question 5
Which of the following theories proposes that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel like an obligation rather than a freely chosen activity will undermine their motivation?

A. theory of needs

B. motivation-hygiene theory

C. two-factor theory

D. self-determination theory

Question 6
Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward?

A. bonus

B. profit-sharing plan

C. employee stock option

D. employee recognition

Question 7
Beyond redesigning the nature of the work itself and involving employees in decisions, another approach to making the work environment more motivating is to alter work arrangements. Which of the following is designed to give employees greater control of their schedules?

A. flextime

B. job centralization

C. job rotation

D. job enlargement

Question 8
Mariah is the manager in a restaurant. According to Douglas McGregor's Theory X, which of the following is a behavior she would most likely exhibit?

A. She would empower her subordinates.

B. She would trust her employees to use discretion in most matters.

C. She would strictly control all the details of any project she is managing.

D. She would delegate authority extensively to junior managers.

Question 9
Laura only makes minimum wage, but she loves her job. Her supervisor regularly compliments her, and she has been chosen employee of the month twice this year. Based on this information, which of the following is most likely to be the reason why Laura likes her job?

A. recognition

B. motivation

C. goal setting

D. empowerment

Question 10
Diane Marshall is an office manager. Her awareness of her own and others' emotions is almost nil. She's moody and unable to generate much enthusiasm or interest in her employees. She doesn't understand why employees get upset with her. She often overreacts to problems and chooses the most ineffectual responses to emotional situations. Diane has __________.

A. low emotional intelligence

B. low emotional dissonance

C. low confirmation bias

D. high cognitive dissonance

Question 11
Participative management is a method of management where __________.

A. representatives of workers form work councils that must be consulted when management makes decisions about employees

B. worker representatives sit on a company's board of directors

C. subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors

D. low-level workers meet occasionally with the CEO to discuss problems within their department

Question 12
Which of the following is a not a management benefit of telecommuting?

A. larger labor pool for recruitment

B. higher productivity of employees

C. decreased office expenditures

D. decreased salary expenses

Question 13
In the job characteristics model (JCM., which three core job dimensions combine to create meaningful work?

A. skill variety, task identity, and task significance

B. skill variety, autonomy, and task significance

C. skill variety, autonomy, and feedback

D. feedback, task identity, and task significance

Question 14
The two-factor theory proposes that __________.

A. within every human being, there exists a hierarchy of five needs, and as each of these needs becomes substantially satisfied, the next one becomes dominant

B. employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it

C. employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore the average person can learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility

D. the factors that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction

Question 15
Motivation is one of the most frequently researched topics in OB. According to a study, workers report that they waste roughly two hours per day, not counting lunch and scheduled breaks, and that the biggest time-wasters are Internet surfing and __________.

A. updating their skills

B. conversing with managers

C. talking with coworkers

D. simulating work

Question 16
Job enrichment increases the degree to which the worker controls the __________.

A. planning, execution, and evaluation of the work

B. planning, execution, and evaluation of company plans

C. horizontal integration of his or her tasks

D. evaluation of his or her peers

Question 17
An advantage of the __________ plan is that benefits accrue to high-performing workers, which pressures weaker performers to work harder and improves performance for the group as a whole.

A. merit-based pay

B. gainsharing

C. skill-based pay

D. piece-rate pay

Question 18
After completing cooking school with outstanding grades and recommendations, Joe and Gary both looked forward to working in restaurants. Joe found work as a short-order cook in a cramped diner. On many shifts he worked alone, and had to cook a large number of meals on outdated equipment. Gary found work in a modern hotel kitchen. He had a small staff helping him prepare a small number of elaborate meals to order. Gary became a highly regarded chef, while Joe left the restaurant industry. This example illustrates that an individual needs __________ in order to perform well.

A. ability and technical skills

B. strict work rules

C. a supportive work context

D. adequate independence

Question 19
Which of the following is a form of recognition?

A. personal congratulations

B. job enlargement

C. job sharing

D. flexible benefit packages

Question 20
Which of the following statements is true regarding Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

A. Social needs relate to autonomy and achievement.

B. A substantially satisfied need no longer motivates.

C. Esteem needs relate to affection and friendship.

D. Social needs are lower-order needs.