Question 1. In Kant Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, the maxim of an act is:

the expected overall utility resulting from the action.
the policy or principle that you would be following if you did it.
the unconscious biological cause of the act.
all of the above.

Question 2. Which of the statements by Jeremy Waldron in the video "Drones Are Not Ethical and Effective" best expresses a deontological argument similar to one that Immanuel Kant might make? "when you...maintain that a particular form of warfare is legitimate you can't just maintain that for yourself, you have to accept that it would be legitimate in the hands of your opponents."

"what we're dealing with here is a general proposition and an indicative proposition, not a subjunctive"
"drone warfare involves an expansion of the targets"
"often those who are participating in these attacks are CIA operatives rather than military personnel"

Question 3. In the article "War and Massacre," Thomas Nagel argues that moral absolutism

is primarily concerned with what a person is doing
is basically the same as utilitarianism
is a version of moral relativism
is primarily concerned with the outcome of a person's actions

Question 4. In the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant argues that when I find someone in need:

I should do everything possible to help them, even if it means violating a moral duty.
I should sympathize with them, but recognize that the world is better off overall if we each only look after our own interests.
I should recognize that I could never will a world in which no one helped each other, and help them in the best way that I can.
I should only help them if it benefits me as well.

Question 5. Which would be an example of acting from duty, according to Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals:

Respecting others because you want them to like you.
Keeping one's promise because that's what everyone should always do.
Being honest with my customers in order to increase my company's profits.
All of the above.

Question 6. Jeremy Waldron argues that drone warfare is neither ethical nor effective because it

threatens a world of death lists and death squads
promotes the growth of terrorism
inhibits the development of counter-terrorism strategies
all of the above

Question 7. According to Kant's ideas in the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, what is one way in which I can determine whether my actions respect other persons as end-in-themselves?

They could reasonably accept my reasons for action.
They have been coerced or manipulated into being treated in certain ways.
My actions diminish their own ability to make free, autonomous choices.
All of the above.

Question 8. According to Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, which of these is not important to morality?

duty
moral law
reason
None of the above.

Question 9. According to Kant in the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, suicide is:

Moral if and only if one lives in a state or country where it is legal.
Immoral because it involves treating one's autonomous will merely as a means to the relief of suffering.
Moral if and only if one does not have friends or family members that would be hurt by it.
Immoral because it condemns one to eternal damnation.

Question 10. Nagel's argument in "War and Massacre" that hostility or aggression should be directed at its true object means that which of the following would probably not be permissible?

Torturing a prisoner to get the names of his confederates.
Attacking an enemy country's agricultural system.
Bombing major cultural centers.
All of the above.

Question 11. In the video, "Drones Are Ethical and Effective," Kenneth Anderson argues that the use of drones is ethical because

it removes all possibility of civilian casualties
it is more precise than other forms of weaponry and can result in fewer casualties
any weapon is justified if it kills as many enemies as possible
every country a right to do whatever is necessary to ensure victory

Question 12. In Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant claims that a good will is:

only good if it benefits others.
only good if it satisfies a person's desires.
the only thing that can be called good without qualification.
both A and B.

Question 13. Which one of these is a way of expressing Kant's Categorical Imperative?

Act as if the maxim of your action were to become by your will a universal law.
Act so that the maxim of your action ensures the satisfaction of your desires.
Act so that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always as a means to the greatest possible utility.
None of the above.

Question 14. Michael Walzer argues that in the unique world of war, both morality and authority are

established by rules of war
radically contested
established by neutral states
none of the above

Question 15. Jeremy Waldron argues that the current use of drone warfare is unethical because

it involves the use of deadly force, which is always wrong
it is conducted by unlawful combatants such as CIA personnel who are not subject to standard military regulations
it may result in unintended civilian casualties, unlike conventional bombing which never results in civilian casualties
all of the above

Question 16. Kant's theory of morality is best described as:

Utilitarian
Based on divine commands
Relativistic
Deontological

Question 17. According to Nagel in "War and Massacre," which of the following may be permitted by absolutism, at least in some circumstances?

Intentionally killing an innocent person
Dropping a nuclear bomb on an enemy city
Torturing an innocent person
Doing something that unintentionally brings about an innocent person's death

Question 18. In Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant claims that "reason":

should be put at the service of fulfilling our own desires.
should be put at the service of fulfilling other people's desires.
should determine itself independently of desire.
both A and B

Question 19. Michael Walzer argues that there is a radical distinction between war and civil life because

war is an intensely collective and collectivizing experience
the circumstances of war are intensely coercive in ways not found elsewhere in society
war is a world of pervasive uncertainty
all of the above

Question 20. In the video "Drones Are Not Ethical and Effective," Jeremy Waldron argues that one reason drones are not ethical because their use involves

the maintenance of a secret death list by government authorities
total transparency and accountability
the assurance that only combatants will be targeted
an increased risk to drone operators