Question: 1. Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, and causal statement in this example: "A dry cleaning company institutes a "frequent cleaner" plan where $1 is taken off the price of a dry cleaning order for every ten times a customer uses the dry cleaning company. Sales at the end of three months increase by $10,000."

2. The Maximum Company has invented an extra-strength, instant coffee brand to be called "Max-Caff" and positioned to be stronger tasting than any com-peting brands. Design a taste test experiment that compares Max-Caff to the two leading instant coffee brands to determine which brand consumers con¬sider to taste the strongest. Identify the independent and dependent variable(s) in your experiment. Indicate how the experiment is to be conducted, and assess the internal and external validity of your experiment.

3. Coca-Cola markets PowerAde as a sports drink that competes with Gatorade. Competition for sports drinks is fierce where they are sold in the coolers of convenience stores. Coca-Cola is thinking about using a special holder that fits in a standard convenience-store cooler but moves PowerAde to eye level and makes it more con¬spicuous than Gatorade. Design an experiment that determines whether the special holder increases the sales of PowerAde in convenience stores. Identify the independent and dependent variable(s) in your experiment. Indicate how the experiment is to be conducted and assess the internal and external validity of your experiment.

4. A tire store chain is concerned that women have concerns about bringing their car to tire stores which are typically dominated by men-employees and customers. What type of research would you conduct to determine if this concern is prevalent among female drivers and what techniques the chain may adopt that would alleviate some of these concerns?