Question 1: From the 1930s through the mid-1980s, General Motors consistently gave promotions and bonuses to managers who kept a low profile and avoided controversy. This is an example of which of the following organizational constraints?

A. performance evaluation

B. reward systems

C. formal regulations

D. system-imposed time constraints

Question 2: Your boss never gives you the benefit of the doubt. When you arrived late from lunch, he assumed that you had simply taken too much time. He never considered that the elevators were not working that day, forcing you to walk up ten flights of stairs. Your boss is guilty of __________.

A. a self-serving bias

B. selective perception

C. the fundamental attribution error

D. inconsistency

Question 3: Two people see the same thing at the same time yet interpret it differently. In this situation, factors that operate to shape their dissimilar perceptions reside in the __________.

A. perceivers

B. target

C. timing

D. context

Question 4: Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct"?

A. values

B. attitudes

C. affects

D. customs

Question 5: Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of those three factors?

A. stereotyping

B. consistency

C. anchoring

D. rationality

Question 6: Leon Festinger argued that __________ follow(s) __________.

A. behavior; job satisfaction

B. behavior; attitude

C. attitudes; behavior

D. attitudes; job satisfaction

Question 7: Decision-makers construct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity. That is, they operate within the confines of __________.

A. optimal decision-making

B. intuitive decision-making

C. bounded rationality

D. rationality

Question 8: The attitude-behavior relationship is likely to be much stronger if the attitude __________.

A. refers to something that the individual has direct personal experience with

B. must be defended against the attitudes of society at large

C. is perceived to be of little importance

D. is related to organizational structure

Question 9: You are part of a group that's deciding whether it is appropriate to discontinue research on a new drug. This new drug would save lives, but it is uncertain whether you can develop it within a reasonable time frame and at a reasonable cost. Your firm has already spent a small fortune on this drug. You have gathered so much information that you are unable to sort valuable information from superfluous data. You just feel that more research on this drug has merit. What form of decision-making are you using if you decide to continue researching this drug because you feel that doing so has merit?

A. optimization

B. intuitive

C. rational

D. satisficing

Question 10: In the real world, what do people typically do when making a decision about a problem?

A. find a satisfactory and sufficient solution

B. follow the rational decision-making model

C. seek the optimal decision

D. obtain complete information about all possible alternatives before making a decision

Question 11: Which of the following components, the best predictor of turnover is __________.

A. pay

B. supervision

C. organizational commitment

D. cognitive dissonance

Question 12: Investors bragged about their investing expertise during the stock market rally between 1996 and early 2000. Knowing individuals rely on the self-serving bias to explain failure, which of the following explanations would an investor be most likely to make after the market imploded in 2000?

A. I did not do sufficient research before investing.

B. The analysts did not look at the numbers properly.

C. I really should have seen it coming.

D. My broker advised me to pull out, but I was blind.

Question 13: Business schools generally train students to follow __________ decision-making models.

A. intuitive

B. convolutional

C. rational

D. bounded rationality

Question 14: __________ is as important for managers as for frontline employees, and among the Big Five traits, is most consistently related to job performance.

A. Extraversion

B. Agreeableness

C. Conscientiousness

D. Emotional stability

Question 15: One of the core problems that created the financial meltdown of 2008 was that large loans were made to individuals who could not repay them, and finance companies had purchased these bad debts without realizing how poor the prospects of repayment were. Which of the following decision-making errors was made by the lenders and borrowers?

A. hindsight bias

B. availability bias

C. overconfidence bias

D. confirmation bias

Question 16: The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by __________.

A. Maslow

B. Festinger

C. Hofstede

D. Skinner

Question 17: Milton Rokeach created the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS.. It consists of two sets of values, __________ values and __________ values.

A. instrumental; terminal

B. critical; judgmental

C. flexible; essential

D. essential; unconscious

Question 18: Individuals high in self-monitoring __________. ?

A. show considerable adaptability in adjusting their behavior to external situational factors

B. are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe ends can justify means

C. have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and are arrogant

D. are easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable

Question 19: Why are agreeable people usually less successful in their careers?

A. They aren't happy in their lives.

B. They aren't liked by superiors.

C. They don't make many friends.

D. They don't negotiate well.

Question 20: Which of the following answer choices is the best definition of "attitude"?

A. Attitudes indicate how a person will react to a given event.

B. Attitudes are the yardstick by which one measures ones actions.

C. Attitudes are the emotional part of an evaluation of a person, object, or event.

D. Attitudes are evaluative statements of what one believes about something or someone.