Question 1. During which period of development do thought and language expand at an astounding pace?

early childhood

middle childhood

infancy

toddlerhood

Question 2. Which of the following theories assumes stages to be universal?

behaviorism

the psychoanalytic perspective

social learning theory

ecological systems theory

Question 3. In his research, Professor Geragos has found that in industrialized nations, the transition to adult roles has become increasingly prolonged. This period of development is called

emerging adulthood.

advanced adolescence.

Generation X.

delayed adulthood.

Question 4. According to the __________ view of development, the difference between the immature and the mature being is simply one of amount or complexity.

continuous

nurture

nature

discontinuous

Question 5. __________ brings together researchers from psychology, biology, neuroscience, and medicine to study the relationship between changes in the brain and the developing child's cognitive processing and behavior patterns.

Ecological systems theory

Developmental cognitive neuroscience

Evolutionary developmental psychology

Cognitive-developmental theory

Question 6. A child born into a !Kung family in Botswana, Africa, is likely to

be encouraged by adults to play with twigs and stones.

be encouraged by adults to exchange objects with others.

have numerous toys carved from trees.

receive little training in social skills until age 5.

Question 7. Children who __________ tend to be more resilient.

have difficulty inhibiting negative impulses

grow up with siblings

are easygoing and sociable

attend private schools

Question 8. Professor Santiago regards child development as a discontinuous process. Professor Santiago's belief is consistent with

social learning theory.

ethology.

cognitive-developmental theory.

Question 9. Dr. Tu's flowchart tracks the steps children use to enter an ongoing play group. Dr. Tu is using the __________ approach.

information-processing

cognitive-developmental

psychoanalytic

behavior modification

Question 10. The field of child development is interdisciplinary because

it has grown through the combined efforts of people from many fields.

it is motivated largely by theoretical questions.

it deals mostly with applied concerns.

studies are carried out mainly by psychologists.

Question 11. According to Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory,

as the brain develops and children's experiences expand, they move through four stages, each with its own distinct way of thinking.

the human mind is analogous to a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows.

the frequency of a particular behavior can be increased by following it with a reinforcer.

social interaction between children and more knowledgeable members of society leads to more advanced ways of thinking.

Question 12. Laws that recognized that children needed protection from people who might mistreat them emerged during

the Enlightenment.

medieval times.

the Reformation.

the twentieth century.

Question 13. An organized family life

is not possible today because parents and children have too little time together.

yields a structured home that can interfere with exploration and healthy development.

provides a supportive context for warm, involved parent child interaction, which is essential to children's well-being.

is limited to two-parent families with economic advantages.

Question 14. __________'s philosophy characterizes children as doing little to influence their own

Arnold Gesell

John Locke

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

James Mark Baldwin

Question 15. Of the Western nations, __________ has the highest percentage of extremely poor children.

Germany

the United Kingdom

Canada

the United States

Question 16. In collectivist societies,

people stress group goals over individual goals.

people are largely concerned with personal needs.

a high priority is placed on the privacy of family life.

people give equal priority to group and individual goals.

Question 17. Development is often divided into which three broad domains?

physical, cognitive, and emotional and social

social, cognitive, and spiritual

cognitive, spiritual, and physical

psychological, sociological, and ecological

Question 18. Which of the following statements is true about the stability view of development?

Theorists who emphasize stability believe that children who are low in anxiety will outgrow that characteristic at later ages.

Theorists who emphasize stability believe that children who are high in sociability will remain so at later ages.

Theorists who emphasize stability believe that development is open to change in response to influential experiences.

Theorists who emphasize stability hold a more optimistic view of development than those who emphasize plasticity.

Question 19. Gene's parents believe that their son's thoughts, emotions, and behavior differ considerably from those of adults. Gene's parents view development as

continuous.

discontinuous.

having many courses.

having one course.

Question 20. In Freud's __________ stage of development, the superego is formed and children feel guilty when they violate it.

latency

phallic

oral

anal

Question 21. The goal of TANF is to

Answers: guarantee governmental financial aid to all needy families.

encourage families to become self-sufficient.

promote the development of children in poverty.

raise the economic well-being of families with children, regardless of employment.

Question 22. American psychologist James Mark Baldwin

viewed the child as a noble savage.

emphasized nature over nurture.

viewed the child as a blank slate.

believed that neither the child nor the environment controlled development.

Question 23. Both __________ and __________ emphasize one course of development.

Answers: psychoanalytic theory; behaviorism

sociocultural theory; cognitive-developmental theory

information processing; ethology

dynamic systems theory; ecological systems theory

Question 24. A __________ period is a limited time during which a child is biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs the support of an appropriately stimulating environment.

critical

survival

developmental

sensitive

Question 25. In Erikson's __________ psychosocial stage of development, the young person forms a personal identity by exploring values and vocational goals.

intimacy versus isolation

identity versus stagnation

identity versus role confusion

industry versus inferiority