Question 1

__________ consider it wrong to tax someone to provide benefits to someone else.

A. Egalitarians

B. Utilitarians

C. Libertarians

D. Kantians

Question 2

A __________, according to Kant, is the reason a person has for doing what he plans to do.

A. justification

B. purpose

C. maxim

D. mandate

Question 3

Which of the following is an ethical rule governing contracts?

A. The contract must be fair.

B. The contract must be enforceable.

C. The contract must be specific.

D. The contract must not be immoral.

Question 4

What is the definition of capitalist justice?

A. Every person should be given exactly equal shares of a society's or a group's benefits and burdens.

B. In any situation the right course of action is the one that will provide people with the greatest amount of benefits while minimizing harms.

C. Benefits should be distributed according to the value of the contribution the individual makes to a society, a task, a group, or an exchange.

D. Work burdens should be distributed according to people's abilities, and benefits should be distributed according to people's needs.

Question 5

When might it be appropriate for civil rights to be restricted?

A. during times of economic hardship

B. during times of war

C. when different political parties come into power

D. when the majority disagrees with the minority being restricted

Question 6

What type of justice involves the allocation of benefits and burdens?

A. retributive justice

B. distributive justice

C. reparative justice

D. compensatory justice

Question 7

The first formulation of the categorical imperative incorporates two criteria for determining moral right and wrong: universalizability and:

A. applicability.

B. reversibility.

C. enforceability.

D. entitlement.

Question 8

What is the definition of egalitarianism?

A. Every person should be given exactly equal shares of a society's or a group's benefits and burdens.

B. In any situation the right course of action is the one that will provide people with the greatest amount of benefits while minimizing harms.

C. Benefits should be distributed according to the value of the contribution the individual makes to a society, a task, a group, or an exchange.

D. Work burdens should be distributed according to people's abilities, and benefits should be distributed according to people's needs.

Question 9

What does the First Formulation of Kant's Categorical Imperative hold similarities to?

A. the golden rule

B. the golden mean

C. utilitarianism

D. ethical relativism

Question 10

What type of justice involves remuneration for wrongs or injuries?

A. retributive justice

B. distributive justice

C. reparative justice

D. compensatory justice

Question 11

Immanuel Kant's principle, called the categorical imperative, requires that everyone be treated as:

A. A free and equal person

B. A dependent employee

C. An indentured person

D. A non-resident employee

Question 12

The most flexible method is to measure actions and goods in terms of:

A. how they relate to rights

B. how they relate to justice

C. their monetary equivalents

D. their impact on health and life

Question 13

Why did the Ford managers decide not to fix the gas tank on the Pinto?

A. because they believed it was best for society as a whole

B. because they did not have enough time or budget

C. to save money on the cost of fixing the tanks

D. because they were acting in self-interest

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding moral rights and legal rights?

A. Legal rights are more specific than moral rights.

B. Moral rights are universal.

C. Moral rights are dependent on where you live.

D. Legal rights cannot be revoked.

Question 15

What are intrinsic goods?

A. things that are considered good because they lead to other good things

B. things that we believe we desire, because of advertising and popular opinion

C. things that are desired for their own sake, such as health and life

D. things which we do not value or desire, but others do

Question 16

__________ rights imply that others have a duty not only to refrain from interference, but also to provide you with what you need to pursue your interests.

A. Positive

B. Negative

C. Privacy

D. Entitlement

Question 17

What is the ethic of virtue?

A. an emphasis on the value of caring for others' well-being

B. an ethic based on evaluations of the moral character of a person

C. a view that holds that actions should be weighed based on benefits and costs

D. the ethic that benefits and burdens should be distributed fairly

Question 18

The __________ principle says that the right action for a particular occasion is the one that produces more utility than any other possible action.

A. rational

B. utilitarian

C. justice

D. egalitarian
Question 19

What is the "X-system" based on?

A. the use of other's experiences to cross-reference with when making conscious moral decisions

B. the use of instinct when making unconscious moral decisions

C. the use of schemas or prototypes of experiences in the past to make unconscious moral decisions

D. the use of drawing upon our moral principles to see which ones might apply when making conscious moral decisions

Question 20

An entitlement is called a __________ right.

A. distributive

B. legal

C. human

D. contractual.