Question 1. All of the following situations contributed to the rapid increase in the number of imprisoned offenders after the 1970s EXCEPT:

A. the War on Drugs.

B. the "baby-boom."

C. political inaction.

D. enactment of more stringent punishments.

Question 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the benefits of intermediate sanctions?

A. Channeling offenders into community-based corrections increase and accelerate prison overcrowding.

B. Intermediate sanctions are generally less expensive than incarceration in either jail or prison.

C. Intermediate sanctions are believed to offer more rehabilitation potential than incarceration.

D. Intermediate punishments are designed for offenders believed to pose too much risk for probation services but not enough risk to be sent to prison.

Question 3. Offenders call being on probation being on:

A. "rock."

B. "call."

C. "water."

D. "paper."

Question 4. Which of the following is NOT helpful to a judge in determining potential risk?

A. The PSI

B. STICS

C. A risk and needs assessment

D. The LSI-R

Question 5. Back-end solutions, used to reduce prison populations after the offender arrives in prison, include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. parole.

B. emergency release.

C. shock probation.

D. Report on the offender's probation behavior and progress

Question 6. Which statement is true?

A. Incarceration can be ineffective and even destructive.

B. Serious and chronic offenders are incapable of change.

C. Probation officers should maintain the maximum level of involvement with their offenders.

D. The best way to serve offenders who aren't dangerous is through suspension of sentencing.

Question 7. Benefits of expanding sentencing options, such as intermediate sanctions, include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. individually tailored punishment.

B. economic incentives for criminal behavior.

C. efficient use of limited criminal justice resources.

D. strengthened credibility of the court.

Question 8. Which of the following statements is NOT true about drug courts?

A. They are a form of diversion.

B. Each court differs in its approach.

C. They serve only juveniles.

D. They have been deemed successful.

Question 9. An alternative sanction program is ISP, or:

A. intense sanction process.

B. intermediate sanction program.

C. interesting and successful probation.

D. intensive supervised probation.

Question 10. Technical probation violations do NOT include:

A. a return to crime.

B. failure to comply.

C. a poor attitude.

D. drug abuse.

Question 11. Getting charged with a new offense while on probation first results in:

A. a technical probation violation.

B. a probation revocation hearing.

C. a lengthy and punitive incarceration.

D. immediate revocation of probation.

Question 12. The proactive supervision and broken windows models are considered:

A. incomparable strategies.

B. strategies with similar goals.

C. opposite strategies.

D. equally ineffective.

Question 13. The goal of diversion is to:

A. divert the attention of the community away from corrections.

B. deter potential offenders from future criminal behavior.

C. decrease the number of crimes committed in a given community.

D. minimize the number of offenders in the justice system.

Question 14. Forms of diversion do NOT include:

A. probation.

B. family crisis intervention.

C. hospitalization.

D. police discretion