Question 1. A friend's curiosity about how the human mind works is coupled with her fascination with computer science and artificial intelligence. It sounds as though your friend's interests are consistent with the emerging area of ________ science.

social

health

cognitive

biological

Question 2. The first task in psychology is to make accurate observations about behavior. This means that psychologists must first ________ behavior.

predict

explain

control

describe

Question 3. An educational psychologist has decided to do research on reading behavior. If he were to approach this topic from the broadest level of analysis, he would be most likely to study

whether readers move their lips while reading.

whether attitudes toward reading vary around the world.

the eye movements readers make while reading a page of text.

left and right brain hemisphere differences in the processing of foreign languages.

Question 4. Western psychology traces its origin to

Indian Yogic traditions.

classical Greek philosophy.

Asian and African psychology.

the early Roman Catholic church.

Question 5. In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany,

Wilhelm Wundt was born.

the idea of behaviorism was first suggested.

Sigmund Freud wrote his book, The Interpretation of Dreams.

the first formal laboratory devoted to experimental psychology was founded.

Question 6. You overhear two psychologists discussing the relative importance of the various levels of analysis researchers may use. They are most likely to reach an agreement that

the broadest level of analysis is the most important.

the narrowest level of analysis is the most important.

some levels of analysis are less important than others.

different levels of analysis address different questions.

Question 7. The central emphasis of the cognitive approach is on

principles of evolution.

human feelings and emotions.

human thought and knowledge.

inner forces that push and pull behavior.

Question 8. A psychologist believes that instincts, drives, and conflicts act as one fuel for behavior; when tension has been reduced sufficiently, behavior stops. This view is most consistent with that of the ________ perspective.

humanistic

evolutionary

behavioristic

psychodynamic

Question 9. If you were to sample a group of researchers in psychology, they are most likely to say that the dominant approach in psychology today is the ________ perspective.

cognitive

sociocultural

evolutionary

psychodynamic

Question 10. The subject matter of psychology largely consists of

observable behavior of humans.

unobservable behavior of humans.

observable behavior of other species of animals.

observable behavior of humans and other species of animals.

Question 11. At the end of a research study, participants must be provided with as much information about the study as possible and any emotional or psychological problems must be addressed. This process is formally known as

debriefing.

informed consent.

risk/gain assessment.

unintentional deception.

Question 12. Critical thinking skills are a good thing to read about, but they are not essential to the effective study and application of psychology.

True

False

Question 13. The ethical guidelines that all psychological researchers must follow include all of the following EXCEPT that

all records of subject behavior must be kept confidential.

experimenters must explain the reasons for any deceptions.

humans must be paid for their research participation.

participants have the right to withdraw their data if they feel they have been misused or their rights abused.

Question 14. Imagine that you have been hired to assist in an experiment investigating the verbal abilities of boys and girls. In preparing for the experiment, you read a research study that found higher verbal abilities in girls than boys. If this information about gender leads you somehow to communicate to the girls in the experiment that they should do better than the boys, we say that the ________ effect is operating.

placebo

expectancy

double-blind

between-subjects

Question 15. Having good numerical skills is

important because you are less likely to be influenced by how statistics are presented.

important because you will recognize the numerical difference between "10% out of 100" and "10 out of 100"

not important because as a psychologist you will not often use statistics.

not important because as a psychology major you will not have to learn statistics.

Question 16. A theory is defined as an organized set of concepts that explains a phenomenon or set of phenomena.

True

False

Question 17. When planning a study, you determine that of the one hundred participants, fifty will have to be randomly assigned to the experimental condition and the other fifty to the control condition. The type of experimental design you are using is known as a ________ design.

placebo control

single-subject

within-subjects

between-subjects

Question 18. Random assignment of participants to the experimental and control groups increases the likelihood that

the two groups will be similar.

the two groups will be different.

the independent variable will not have a strong effect.

if outcome differences are found, we can be confident they were caused by preexisting differences.

Question 19. An observer bias is

an "educated guess" about what will happen.

the direct result of the context of discovery.

the direct result of the context of justification.

an error due to personal motives and expectations.

Question 20. A teacher is trying to see whether smiling at her students will increase the number of questions they ask. In the first and third week of the study, the number of questions students ask is recorded. In the second week, the teacher smiles a lot at her students, and the number of questions is also recorded. What type of research design is being used?

within-subjects

correlational

placebo control

between-subjects