Question 1 Usually, several distinctive elements must intersect before a meaningful collective response is generated. Which of the following is not one of those elements?
a.Trigger event.
b.Media coverage.
c.Moral panic.
d.Powerful interest groups.
e.All of the above.

Question 2
Which of the following groups generally does not receive mention under the mandatory reporting rules in child maltreatment statutes?
a.Doctors.
b.Teachers.
c.Social workers.
d.Firefighters.
e.Childcare providers.

Question 3
Seeking to repair the harm done to the victim and community while also helping the offender defines:
a.Retributive justice.
b.Restorative justice.
c.Restitutive justice.
d.Conciliatory justice.
e.None of the above.

Question 4
Which of the following is not a key criticism concerning restorative justice?
a.Net-widening.
b.Inadequate preparation.
c.Coercive participation.
d.Too offender-oriented.
e.Problems with offender rights.

Question 5
Which of the following crimes is not an Index or Part I Offense in the FBI Unified Crime Reports?
a.Murder.
b.Robbery.
c.Burglary.
d.Aggravated assault.
e.Kidnapping.

Question 6
Which of the following best describes a gray-area event?
a.A victimization episode that is not reported to the police.
b.A victimization that takes place just outside the officer's geographical jurisdiction.
c.An interracial victimization event.
d.A victimization that does not correspond to the usual stereotype.
e.A victimization episode involving an elderly person.

Question 7
Which of the following must a victim demonstrate in order to win a third-party civil suit?
a.The police have arrested the suspect.
b.The suspect was convicted in criminal court.
c.The suspect was not convicted in criminal court.
d.The crime was a foreseeable event.
e.The third party took appropriate steps to curtail criminal activity.

Question 8
During sentencing, the judge rules that any property the convicted defendant currently owns or may come to own in the future shall be used to reimburse the victims for $5,000 in medical expenses. Which of the following terms best describes this situation?
a.Plea bargain.
b.Sentencing enhancement.
c.Sentencing modification.
d.Civil restitution lien.
e.Alternative sentencing arrangement.

Question 9
The U.S. government considers hate crimes to be which of the following?
a.A federal civil rights act violation.
b.A violation of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution (due process).
c.Similar to hazing or bullying behaviors.
d.A violation of international treaty agreements.
e.None of the above.

Question 10
Abuse generally does not refer to which of the following?
a.Withholding of life's essentials.
b.Nonaccidental infliction of injury.
c.Fondling a child.
d.Child pornography .
e.Juvenile prostitution.

Question 11
Generally speaking, hate or bias crimes target victims because of what?
a.Such personal characteristics as socioeconomic status and political affiliation.
b.Such personal characteristics as educational background and type of school they attended.
c.Such personal characteristics as race, ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation.
d.Such impersonal characteristics as current location and time of day.
e.Such impersonal characteristics as routine activities or lifestyles.

Question 12
What does legislative immunity mean as it relates to child maltreatment?
a.Victims cannot sue governmental entities for inaction.
b.People who make a report of child abuse in good faith cannot be sued successfully if the allegation turns out to be false.
c.Offender assets are protected in the event that the parent loses custody of the child.
d.The victim or guardian can sue the perpetrator for a federal civil rights violation.
e.None of the above.

Question 13
The dark figure of crime refers to:
a.Crimes not known to the police.
b.Criminal acts committed by police officers.
c.Crimes known to the police.
d.Hate crimes.
e.Crimes that take place between 6 pm and 6 am.

Question 14
A study that employs a reverse record check strategy or a forward record check strategy represents an attempt to study which of the following?
a.Small sample size.
b.Question wording.
c.Household respondent vs. self-respondent accuracy.
d.Microscoping.
e.Respondent recall.

Question 15
The National Crime Victim Survey builds its sample plans on residential locations and not residents. This strategy invites which of the following problems?
a.Memory decay.
b.Forward record decay.
c.Reverse record check.
d.Computer-assisted telephone interviews become obsolete.
e.Mover-stayer problem.

Question 16
Which of the following best describes what a tort is?
a.A case that processed in a criminal court.
b.A case that is processed in a probate court.
c.A wrongful act that the plaintiff has committed against the defendant.
d.A wrongful act that the defendant has committed against the plaintiff.
e.A wrongful act that the suspect has committed against the state.

Question 17
A plan that requires offenders to pay their victims for expenses resulting from the crime is called what?
a.Compensation.
b.Aftermath assistance.
c.Restitution.
d.Retribution.
e.Resolution.

Question 18
A plan that requires the state to reimburse victims for expenses resulting from the crime is called what?
a.Victim compensation.
b.Aftermath assistance.
c.Restitution.
d.Retribution.
e.Resolution.

Question 19
Which of the following crimes is not measured by the NCVS?
a.Counterfeiting.
b.Burglary.
c.Battery.
d.Robbery.
e.Auto theft.

Question 20
What is the greatest difference between victim offender mediation (VOM) and family group conferencing (FGC)?
a.The focus on felony offenses.
b.The use of arbitration.
c.Making recommendations to the court for sentencing.
d.Inclusion of the offender.
e.Allowing family and friends to participate.