Question 1 : In the 5th century AD, children under the age of ______ were exempt from criminal liability.

5

7

9

11

Question 2 : The concept of refers to criminal intent, or the guilty mind ?

mew rea

actus reus

lex. talionis

infancy

Question 3 : The principle of later became central to the development of the juvenile court in America and today generally refers to the fact that the state (government) has ultimate parental authority over juveniles in need of protection or guidance ?

in loco parentis

lex talionis

parens patriae

mens rea

Question 4 : Under the concept of , institutional custodians acted as parental substitutes with far-reaching powers over their charges.

meris rea

in loco parentis

actus reus

wrens patriae

Question 5 : The perceived increase in the number of ______ offenses perpetrated by juveniles led many to ponder whether the juvenile court, originally established to protect and treat juveniles, is adequate to the task of dealing with modern-day offenders.

property

violent

cyber crime

drug

Question 6 : Which court decision made it clear that the legalists were on firm ground, but it did not deny the legitimacy of the casework approach?

In re Gault

Roper v. Simmons

Graham v. Florida

Miller v. Alabama

Question 7 : Which type of juvenile offenders would not even be considered in trouble if they were an adult?

delinquents

status offenders

adult offenders

dependent and neglected

Question 8 : While severe punishments for juvenile offenders gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s, the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles could not receive which penalties?

death penalty

lite in prison with parole

life in prison without parole

both death penalty and live in prison without parole

Question 9 : Restorative justice approaches, currently gaining momentum with juveniles, emphasize ______ philosophies, rather than the philosophy that has been popular for the last few years.

get lough, treatment

treatment, status offender

treatment, get tough

status offender, treatment

Question 10 : In deciding not to hear the Holmes case, the U.S. Supreme Court ______

reaffirmed the desirability of the juvenile courts informal procedures

confirmed that constitutional rights afforded to accused adults apply to juveniles

stated that the threshold for hearing juvenile cases was not met in this case

imposed formal procedures on the juvenile justice system

Question 11 : definitions of delinquency hold that only those who have been officially labeled by the courts aro offenders.

Behavioral

Legal

Standard

Federal

Question 12 : One of the most persistent roadblocks to juvenile justice reform across the country is

media reports of youth violence

societal belief in a punitive approach

definitions of delinquency

resistance to change

Question 13 : With respect to the minimum age at which children should be afforded court protection changed with the emergence of and ______ both of which may have serious prenatal effects.

crack, rriethampheila mine

heroin, prescription pills

controlled substances, case law

case law, runaway children

Question 14 : In general, researchers prefer a ______ definition of delinquency because it provides a more realistic picture of the extent and nature of offenders and victims.

legal

standard

federal

behavioral

Question 15 : A problem with legal definitions has been the ambiguity reflected with respect to:

gender.

age_

criffle definition.

behavior.

Question 16 : Many statics have encountered opposition to blanket laws to decriminalize ______ among underage youth because this would undermine the ability of police to intervene and exert their authority over the youth.

prostitution

status offenses

chug use

properly crimes

Question 17 : Numbers of children suffering from abuse and neglect remain in the United States.

low

moderately low

high

unchanged

Question 18 : isiare major error(s) with the VCR.

Underreporting

Overreporting

Definitional differences

Roth underreporting and definitional differences

Question 19 : as a source of crime data, are gathered by trained observers who ride with police offi cers.

NIBRS

NCVS

Self-reports

Police observational studies

Question 20 : Nearly 60% of child victims suffered from the most common form of child maltreatment.

physical abuse

neglect

sexual abuse

bullying