Q1.'Psychobabble' is best defined as

   a. psychological jargon.

   b. textbook definitions.

   c. ill-defined terminology.

   d. technical terminology.

Q2. A teacher takes notes while watching students on the playground to see if differences in play behavior are associated with discipline problems in class. The teacher is using which of the following research methods?

   a. survey

   b. case study

   c. experimentation

   d. naturalistic observation

Q3. Which of the following is consistent with the information presented in the textbook regarding class attendance?

   a. Among successful students (grade average B or better) class attendance did not seem to matter.

   b. Among unsuccessful students (grade average C- or below) class attendance did not seem to matter.

   c. Even when an instructor delivers hard-to-follow lectures, it is important for all students to go to class.

   d. It is only important for all students to go to class when instructors provide well-organized lectures.

Q4. An experiment is a research method in which the investigator manipulates the ____ variable and observes whether any changes occur in a(n) ____ variable as a result.

   a. control; experimental

   b. experimental; control

   c. independent; dependent

   d. dependent; independent

Q5. Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the weakest relationship between two variables?

   a. -4.36

   b. -0.97

   c. +0.75

   d. +0.15

Q6. An important insight that can be drawn from the research on happiness is that

   a. money can buy happiness.

   b. attractive people are generally happy people.

   c. objective realities are not as important as subjective feelings.

   d. collectivist cultures are happier than individualistic cultures.

Q7. A researcher wants to determine whether diet causes children to learn better in school. In this study, the independent variable is

   a. the children.

   b. the type of diet.

   c. the age of the children.

   d. a measure of learning.

Q8. Dr. Brill randomly assigns 100 test-anxious student volunteers to either a group that will receive therapeutic touch treatment or a group that will receive a sham version of the treatment. Based on her results, Dr. Brill will have evidence of

   a. how well therapeutic touch works in the treatment of various mood disorders.

   b. how test-anxious students behave in a classroom setting.

   c. how effective the sham version of the treatment is.

   d. whether or not therapeutic touch may cause an alleviation of symptoms of test anxiety.

Q9. Which one of the following types of human responses is most likely to be governed by classical conditioning?

   a. cognitive

   b. emotional

   c. psychomotor

   d. physiological

Q10. Which of the following is/are 'Big Five' traits?

   a. neuroticism but not fortitude

   b. openness to experience

   c. neuroticism and openness to experience

   d. neuroticism, openness to experience, and fortitude

Q11. ____ refers to the process of learning as one experiences the consequences of voluntary actions.

   a. Operant conditioning

   b. Classical conditioning

   c. Social learning

   d. Extinction

Q12. Central to the Freudian conceptualization of personality is

   a. the effect of reward and punishment.

   b. striving for superiority.

   c. how people cope with their own sexual and aggressive urges.

   d. the need to self-actualize.

Q13. Getting hungry upon hearing the advertising tune for a fast-food chain is an example of ____ conditioning.

   a. operant

   b. social

   c. classical

   d. emotional

Q14. Which of the following theoretical orientations asserts that scientific psychology should focus on the study of observable behavior?

   a. humanism

   b. behaviorism

   c. psychoanalysis

   d. structuralism

Q15. Which of the following ideas lies at the core of the concept of personality?

   a. being true to oneself

   b. traits shared with others

   c. consistency across situations

   d. being able to adjust to different situations

Q16. Psychodynamic theories of personality tend to focus on

   a. a set of basic personality traits.

   b. unconscious mental processes.

   c. the unique qualities of human beings.

   d. reward and punishment as primary forces in personality.

Q17. Secondary appraisal involves

   a. making plans to avoid the situation.

   b. tapping into your defense mechanisms.

   c. soliciting a second opinion about a stressful event.

   d. evaluating your coping resources and options.

Q18. One challenge faced by members of ethnic minorities in dealing with everyday discrimination is that manifestations of such discrimination are often

   a. imaginary.

   b. ambiguous.

   c. minor.

   d. consistent.

Q19. Research with the Social Readjustment Rating Scale has shown that people with higher scores

   a. are less susceptible to stress.

   b. know from experience how to handle stress.

   c. tend to have pessimistic outlooks on life.

   d. are vulnerable to physical and psychological problems.

Q20. Who of the following people is most likely to develop stress-related illness?

   a. Susan who lives alone but volunteers at the local skilled nursing home two times per month

   b. John who lives with two good friends from high school

   c. Jaime who lives with a quiet roommate, belongs to a big family, works for a growing company, and is described as a very 'sociable' guy by all who know him

   d. Dora who lives alone, works from her home, and prefers to keep to herself

Q21. In contrast to the traditional fight-or-flight model of responding to stress, Shelley Taylor and her colleagues have suggested that females may be more likely to engage in a ____ response.

   a. run-and-hide

   b. tend-and-befriend

   c. lock-and-load

   d. wait-and-see

Q22. Being followed when walking home late at night or narrowly escaping a car accident are experiences that would activate the

   a. resistance reaction.

   b. alarm reaction.

   c. non-sympathetic nervous system.

   d. exhaustion reaction.

Q23. After barely squeezing through Anatomy with a passing grade, you sleep 16 hours a day for the first 10 days of summer break and refuse to see any of your friends. You are in the ____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

   a. alarm

   b. exhaustion

   c. resistance

   d. extinction

Q24. Burnout is associated with all but which of the following?

   a. increased absenteeism

   b. increased sense of self-efficacy

   c. reduced productivity at work

   d. increased vulnerability to health problems

Q25. Research following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States found that emotions of anger, sad, glad, hopeful, and content were statistically significant in relation to

   a. defense mechanisms.

   b. resilience.

   c. the parasympathetic system.

   d. feelings of sympathy.