PSYCHOLOGY LAB REPORT

"A Cognitive-Behavioral Motivational Intervention in a Group Versus Individual Format for Substance Use Disorders"

Introduction: Review the relevant literature, identify strengths and weaknesses, state the aim of your research. Introduction: (Max. 250 words): A brief overview of the subject area outlining and incorporating the key words.

Key Words: E.g., Group therapy, motivational intervention, cognitive- behavioral therapy, substance abuse.

Information & Materials:

Why drugs?

"Occasional drug use is not the principal cause of Britain's drug problems. The bulk of drug-related harm (death, illness, crime and other social problems) occurs among the relatively small number of people that become dependent on Class A drugs, notably heroin and cocaine." (Reuter & Stevens, 2007, p.7).

Who Benefits from treatment?

All of us: "Case Study: Brian had a total of 46 previous convictions spanning a 20-year period and was responsible for 125 criminal offences including burglary, theft, fraud, assault, drugs and firearms offences. He served several prison sentences and his last saw him released in July 2007. He had PPO [Prolific and other Priority Offender] status for several years and had caused the local community much harm and distress. Brian had a long history of Class A drugs misuse and had a heroin and crack cocaine addiction for several years. He first tested positive on arrest in July 2004."

Source: http://drugs.homeoffice.gov.uk/publication- search/dip/dip-success-stories-2008

What is Drug Treatment?

"Treatment can be defined in general terms as the provision of one or more structured interventions designed to manage health and other problems as a consequence of drug abuse and to improve or maximize personal social functioning." (UNDOC, 2003, Chapter II, p.2)

Types of Treatment

• Low threshold: drop-in services, needle exchange, targeted delivery of health care, outreach services, and drug consumption rooms
• Detoxification: drugs that block the effects of the to-be- withdrawn drug (naltrexone) may be combined with anaesthetics.
• Pharmacotherapies : substitute drugs (e.g. Methadone)
• Talking therapies: therapeutic communities; structured prevention programmes (e.g. cognitive behavioural therapy, motivational interviewing, community reinforcement and contingency contracting).

Types of treatments in current study

Treatments in current study: (Weekly Sessions): 12-Step programme, A Cognitive-Behavioural Motivational Intervention, Standard care

12-step programme (Minnesota Method)

• We admitted we were powerless over alcohol-that our lives had become unmanageable.
• Came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity.
• Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood Him.
• Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves.
• Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another human being the exact nature of our wrongs.
• Were entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of character.
• Humbly asked Him to remove our shortcomings.
• Made a list of all persons we had harmed, and became willing to make amends to them all.
• Made direct amends to such people wherever possible, except when to do so would injure them or others.
• Continued to take personal inventory and when we were wrong promptly admitted it.
• Sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God as we understood Him, praying only for knowledge of His Will for us and the power to carry that out.
• Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all our affairs.

Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all our affairs.

1. Our common welfare should come first; personal recovery depends upon NA unity.

2. For our group purpose there is but one ultimate authority-a loving God as He may express Himself in our group conscience. Our leaders are but trusted servants; they do not govern.

3. The only requirement for NA membership is a desire to stop taking drugs.

4. Each group should be autonomous except in matters affecting other groups or NA as a whole.

5. Each group has but one primary purpose-to carry its message to the alcoholic who still suffers.

6. An NA group ought never endorse, finance, or lend the NA name to any related facility or outside enterprise, lest problems of money, property, and prestige divert us from our primary purpose.

7. Every NA group ought to be fully self-supporting, declining outside contributions.

8. Alcoholics Anonymous should remain forever non-professional, but our service centers may employ special workers.

9. NA, as such, ought never be organized; but we may create service boards or committees directly responsible to those they serve.

10. Alcoholics Anonymous has no opinion on outside issues; hence the NA name ought never be drawn into public controversy.

11. Our public relations policy is based on attraction rather than promotion; we need always maintain personal anonymity at the level of press, radio, and films.

12. Anonymity is the spiritual foundation of all our traditions, ever reminding us to place principles before personalities

CBT/MI Group

Motivational interviewing

• Early assessment approach
• Non-coercive, goal-directed, client centred counselling aimed at identifying and focusing upon ambivalence
• Followed four general principles proposed by Miller &Rollnick (2002): empathy, developing discrepancy, rolling with resistance and supporting self-efficacy.
• Feedback on current levels of alcohol and/or other drug use. Participants complete self-monitoring records drug use.

CBT

• Agenda and homework sheets
• The session material applied flexibly to the needs of each individual
• included: rationale for CBT; the process of therapy; the cognitive model of problematic substance use; avoidance of high-risk situations; problem solving strategies; management of craving; abstinence violation; skills; strategies for prevention
• Common features: emphasis upon changing thoughts and behaviours, as opposed to focusing upon the past
• Systematic analysis of current thoughts, with an emphasis upon recognising problematic thoughts
• Theoretical notion that thought and behaviour can be dysfunctional in its own right without reference to unconscious problems

Standard Care

• Self-help booklet on substance use (Centre for Education and Information on Drugs and Alcohol, 2000)
• Maintain or increase their contact with local health services.

References

• Reuter, P. and Stevens, A. (2007). An Analysis of UK Drug Policy. A Monograph Prepared for the UK Drug Policy Commission. London: UK Drug Policy Commission.
• Stevens, A., Hallam, C. and Trace, M. (2006). Treatment for Dependent Drug Use. A Guide For Policymakers. The Beckley Foundation Drug Policy Programme, Report Ten.
• UNDOC (2003). Drug Abuse Treatment: a Practical Planning and Implementation Guide. Vienna: United Nations Publication.

Attachment:- Assignment.rar