Psychological Foundations

Part I.   Answer both questions 1 and 2.

1. Explain each of these Eight Essential Guidelines to Critical and Creative Thinking discussed in Chapter One. Why is it important if you are a researcher to follow the guidelines?

1. Ask questions and be willing to wonder

2. Define your terms

3. Examine the evidence                                         

4. Analyze assumptions and Biases      

5. Avoid emotional reasoning             

6. Don't oversimplify  

7. Consider other interpretations

8.Tolerate uncertainty

2. Listed below are several methods that a researcher may choose as described in Chapter Two. Explain each of the methods and give an example how a researcher might use each  method.

1. Case Study                                                       

2. Naturalistic Observation        

3. Laboratory Observation      

4. Test 

5. Survey

6. Correlation study

7. Experiment

Part II.  Answer one of the following two questions

3. Describe the four theories of dreams and the purpose of the dreams in each theory.

1.  Psychoanalytic                                 

2.  Activation Synthesis    

3. Cognition

4. Problem focused

4. One well known theory of intelligence, known as the Triarchic theory, developed by Robert Sternberg, distinguishes three different aspects of intelligence. Explain the three aspects in detail.

1. Componential intelligence

2. Experiential or creative intelligence

3. Contextual or practical intelligence

Part III.

Bonus QuestionIn the Stanford Prison Study, the "prisoners'" responses to the guards change as the days went on. Describe the changes and why the study was ended after only 6 days instead of two weeks as planned.