Professor Winston is explaining to his class that people who watch more hours of violent television programming also show greater levels of hostility and violence toward others. He continues to say that this means violence on television causes increased hostility and violence. A student in his class remarks that it may be possible that being a violent and hostile person causes them to watch more violent programming. The student has pointed out what issue with correlational designs?
1.The third-variable problem

2.Random error

3.The directionality problem

4.Demand characteristics