ppsychology questions

Question 1.1. ________ refers to a reduced behavioral effect of a drug with repeated administration.

Dynamic capacity

Sensitization

Inactivation

Tolerance

Binding capacity

Question 2.2. A(n) ________ is an innocuous substance that has no physiological effect.

placebo

pseudotransmitter

drug

agonist

ligand

Question 3.3. A transient ischemic attack involves the temporary loss of neural function brought on by blood clots in the brain.

permanent cell death induced by loss of blood flow through the brain.

fits of rage associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.

alteration of neural function due to a burst blood vessel in the brain.

loss of brain function during hypothermia.

Question 4.4. Which of the following is strong evidence for an environmental contribution to a behavior?

Adopted children resemble their biological families with regard to a trait.

Monozygotic twins have a higher concordance rate than do dizygotic twins.

Dizygotic twins have a lower concordance rate than do monozygotic twins.

Adopted children resemble their adopted families with regard to a trait.

None of the above are correct.

Question 5.5. The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique is used to record the electrical activity of individual neurons.

induce the secretion of neurotransmitters from neurons.

record the neural activity of particular brain regions.

localize receptors within brain tissue sections.

electrically stimulate neurons.

Question 6.6. The ________ route is the fastest way for a drug to reach the brain.

oral

topical

intravenous

intramuscular

intraperitoneal

Question 7.7. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease relate to a lack of ________ within the ________.

dopamine; basal ganglia

acetylcholine; hippocampus

norepinephrine; basal ganglia

serotonin; hippocampus

acetylcholine; basal ganglia

Question 8.8. A person who eats cheese while taking a(n) _______ may suffer a fatal increase in blood pressure.

cholinergic agonist

monoamine oxidase inhibitor drug

dopamine releaser

dopamine receptor antagonist

glutamate agonist

Question 9.9. The rods and cones are collectively referred to as

photoreceptors.

the hemiretina.

the fovea.

ganglion cells.

vitreous humor.

Question 10.10. The explanation for our "blind spot" in the visual field is that the lens cannot focus all of the visual field onto the retina.

blood vessels collect together and enter the eye at the blind spot.

rods are less sensitive to light than are cones.

retinal cells die with age and overuse, resulting in blind spots.

there are no photoreceptors in the retina where the axons exit the eye.

Question 11.11. The hair-like appendages that extend from the ends of the auditory receptors are known as 

cilia.

rods.

intrafusal fibers.

extrafusalfibers.

villi.

Question 12.12. The kinesthesia system provides information about the direction of gravity.

head orientation.

body movement and position.

the overall state of muscle tone.

environmental temperature.

Question 13.13. ________ are used by the body to detect changes in temperature.

Ruffini corpuscles

Free nerve endings

Meissner's corpuscles

Pacinian corpuscles

Dieter's cells

Question 14.14. The function of a nociceptor is to detect

pain.

cold.

heat.

salt in a food.

the bitterness of a drink.

Question 15.15. Sound can best be thought of as compression of air molecules by an object.

changes in air pressure produced by the vibration of an object.

particles of energy that travel at better than 20 miles per hour.

packets of energy.

expansion of air molecules produced by an object as it moves through air.

Question 16.16. A key characteristic of a drug, as defined in the text, is that it must be an endogenous chemical.

can include essential nutrients.

is effective only at high doses.

can be abused or misused by humans.

is an exogenous chemical.

Question 17.17. ________ refers to the capacity of a drug molecule to bind to a key site of action.

Dynamic capacity

Sensitization

Inactivation

Affinity

Tolerance Difficulty.

Question 18.18. The term ________ refers to a state of anxious misery, often produced by withdrawal from certain drugs of abuse.

euphoria

dysphoria

depression

mania

sensitization

Question 19.19. Twins that share a particular trait are ________ for the trait.

concordant

discordant

dissimilar

similar

dizygotic

Question 20.20. The fact that we experience negative afterimages is taken as support for the

notion that the retina contains three types of photopigments.

importance of color mixing in the visual system.

opponent-process theory of color vision.

idea that the visual system performs an algebraic summation of lights to generate a color perception.

trichromatic theory of color vision.