Please respond to these questions in essay form. also please use some examples for each of these.

1. Most countries in the world today are to a certain extent multilingual. What are some of the sources of multilingualism and what are some of the challenges that multilingual societies face?

2. Discuss the factors that may influence language choice, maintenance and shift.

3. Diglossia and bilingualism are two interrelated but distinct linguistic phenomena. Explain both their differences and the relationships between them.

4. Discuss language differences in the classroom and the factors to be considered in designating a vernacular language for use in education.

5. Discuss the concept of semilingualism. Provide concrete examples

6. Languages are constantly evolving. What are some internal and external factors that lead to change? Do you think it is important for societies to regulate the “proper” use of language?

7. Language and culture are intertwined concepts. Do you think it is necessary for cultural groups to maintain their languages in order to maintain their culturalidentity? Conversely, do you think it is necessary for nations to adopt and defend a particular language in order to consolidate themselves as a nation?

8. Using the indigenous American population as an example, discuss the issue of language attitudes from the perspective of the native Americans as well as the perspective of the dominant group. Discuss what policies had been adopted and their eventual outcome and impact.

9. Explain the concept of “Americanization” from a historical perspective. Give concrete examples.

10. Discuss the concepts of code-switching and code-mixing in detail, give reasons for a potential switch or mix and provide concrete examples.