Please profread for spelling and grammer error.

After reading Chapter 5 in your textbook, explain each of the following terms/concepts and give an example of how you might apply the concept in working with a client with co-occurring disorders.

1. Motivational enhancement therapy (MET): Motivational Enhancement therapy is a more aggressive counseling approach that helps clients get over their fears, confusion, denials or whatever mixed feelings they have towards their disorder. Rather than guide clients through a step by step process for their recovery it uses a motivational process to produce rapid, internally motivated change.
For example: As a counselor I would began by setting up about four sessions with my client. In those sessions I would express empathy, I would refrain from judging my client, I would show him/her the upmost respect, show active and reflective listening and total acceptance.

2. Stages of change: Stages of Change implies a series of changes a client goes through while they are in recovery. These stages are:

1. Pre-contemplation: At this stage the client may not have a desire to change and may not be fully aware that there may be a problem.

2. Contemplation: At this stage the client becomes more aware of the problem, may have thoughts of overcoming it but makes no real commitment to take action.

3. Preparation: At this stage a client began to take some responsibility. They began to make short term plans that indicate their wiliness to change.

4. Action: At this stage the client may be enthusiastically embracing change and gaining momentum. They are taking responsibility for their recovery.

5. Maintenance: At this stage we can say that the client working a treatment plan and integrating change into the way they live their life. They are working to prevent relapse.

Example: As a counselor the motivational interviewing strategy is important. We recognize that change is not an event that suddenly occurs. Rather, it is a process that gradually unfolds over time. As this process begins to unfold, a person's motivation changes. However, it is important for a counselor to know his clients perception of the problem, their clinical condition, desire for continued treatment and help client expand their responsibility for change.

3. Contingency management (CM): A program designed to reward a client for changed behavior. It implies that behaviors are shaped by consequences.
Example: As a counselor if my client is required to take a drug test and the test came back negative I may reward him with a McDonald's gift card.

4. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): is a form of treatment that focuses on how a client thinks, their behavior, their beliefs and attitudes. Research show that clients with co-occurring disorder displays a negatively distorted view of them self, the environment, and the future. Through CBT clients are taught effective coping strategies for dealing with these different problems throughout life.

For example: As A counselor If one of my clients stated " The only time I feel comfortable talking to other people is when I am high" I would first off help him/her to develop coping skills that identifies steps to avoid situations that lead to" getting high".

Substance abuse management module (SAMM): Is a recovery approach design to teach Client skill for relapse prevention. It teaches clients strategies on how to deal with common situations they might find themselves. The Substance abuse management module teach clients how to practice damage control (If they slip, to quit early) , how to escape high-risk situations( when someone offers them drugs), how to avoid high-risk situation( to not get into situations where they can't say no), and how to seek healthy pleasures how to find things that they enjoy that are fun and healthy.

Example: As a counselor I would continue to educate my client on relapse prevention, I would continue to encourage him/her to find things they enjoy that are fun and health. Also, I would encourage them to continue going to their support groups to enhance their social skills.

5. Integrated treatment: Is treatment that offers both cognitive and behavioral coping skills. It refer to treatment that treats both substance abuse and mental illness. If one disorder is left untreated, it can worsen and negatively affect any progress made to treat the other disorder. Treating both of them simultaneously offers the person the best opportunity to address these relationships and figure out how best to manage both disorders on a daily basis.

Example: As A counselor I would first assess which co-occurring disorder came first, the substance abuse or the mental illness. However, I would first treat the substance abuse to clear up any withdrawal issues than I would treat the mental illness. For instance, if my client is a cocaine addict that struggles with depression, I would encourage a 12 step program, teach skill building coping skills and peer support programs.

6. Relapse prevention therapy (RPT) refers to treatment that helps a client gain control over their desire to use. Relapses prevention therapy educates client by teaching self-control skills. It teaches client how to identify warning signs (triggers).

Example: As a counselor I would teach my client how to take a daily inventory of events taken place throughout the day, people, places and things that came across their path and a list of feel they experienced throughout the day