Part II. Using and Citing Sources: Introducing and Integrating Quotations

Note: Each “Part II” question is worth two points.

Read the following passage and the information about its source. Then decide whether each student uses the source correctly. If the student has made an error in using the source, underline “Error.” If the student sample is correct, underline “Okay.” Provide a brief explanation of your answer. (Note: The footnotes are correct.)

Original Source

Practices associated with normal births in medieval Europe are shrouded in secrecy, not because the births were hidden at the time, but because they were a woman's ritual and women did not pass on information about them in writing. Indeed, we can be quite sure that the event of a birth was well known within the immediate community. Living close together, the neighbors would hear the cries of a woman in labor and would observe the midwife and female friends gathering around. But what occurred in the birthing chamber was not known to the men listening outside, and so it was not recorded. The learned clerical treatises on gynecology contain no descriptions of normal births, only abnormal ones. Male doctors never attended a normal birth, so they knew nothing about them. They were called in only when surgery was needed.

1. Although women in the Middle Ages, like women throughout history, had children, little is known about procedures related to ordinary births. "Practices associated with normal births in medieval Europe are shrouded in secrecy, not because the births were hidden at the time, but because they were a woman's ritual and women did not pass on information about them in writing."

Error Okay

Explanation:

2. Historian Barbara Hanawalt observes that little is known about how women gave birth in medieval Europe "not because the births were hidden at the time, but because they were a woman's ritual and women did not pass on information about them in writing."

Error Okay

Explanation:

3. According to Barbara Hanawalt,

"Practices associated with normal births in medieval Europe are shrouded in secrecy, not because the births were hidden at the time, but because they were a woman's ritual and women did not pass on information about them in writing. Indeed, we can be quite sure that the event of a birth was well known within the immediate community. Living close together, the neighbors would hear the cries of a woman in labor and would observe the midwife and female friends gathering around. But what occurred in the birthing chamber was not known to the men listening outside, and so it was not recorded."

Error Okay

Explanation:

4. Barbara Hanawalt notes, "[Medieval] learned clerical treatises on gynecology contain no descriptions of normal births, only abnormal ones. Male doctors never attended a normal birth, so they knew nothing about them. They were called in only when surgery was needed."

Error Okay

Explanation:

5. Barbara Hanawalt points out that neighbors would certainly have known when a birth was imminent because they "would hear the cries of a woman in labor and would observe the midwife and female friends gathering around."

Error Okay

Explanation: