Part A-

Question 1. According to Hirschi, which of the following is NOT an element of the social bond?

belief

commitment

emotion

attachment

Question 2. Subculture is a set of

hacking skills.

values.

norms.

beliefs.

b, c and d

Question 3. According to Sutherland's Differential Learning Theory:

Criminal behavior is based on genetics.

Criminal behavior is based on economics.

Criminal behavior is based on social status.

Criminal behavior is learned.

Question 4. A subculture is a set of values, norms, and beliefs that differ from those of the dominant culture.

True

False

Question 5. Hackers predominantly associate themselves with illegal acts.

True

False

Question 6. This group tends to define hackers and their activities in terms of the illegality of hacking.

media

law enforcement

hacker subculture

none of the above

Question 7. Script Kiddies are primarily concerned with

Forms of phishing.

Cyberterrorism.

Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks.

Bragging and attacking each other or anyone who draws their wrath.

Question 8. The renewed interest in hacking can be contributed to which of the following?

popularization of the Internet

increased computer use in the general population

popular culture recognition

all of the above

Question 9. One of the primary tenets of the "hacker code" as conceived by Levy is that information should be free to all users.

True

False

Question 10. Subculture research suggests that which of the following social norms shapes the social world of computer hackers?

technology

commitment

law

all of the above

Part B-

You studied the "stop and frisk" rules and familiarized yourself with the landmark case Terry v. Ohio. You should now have a solid understanding of what procedures are considered reasonable under the Fourth Amendment.

What are the two elements of the Fourth Amendment reasonableness test?

Explain how the "totality of circumstances" test works in practice.

What is "reasonable suspicion" to frisk?

Part C-

Question 1. Full custodial arrest is not the most invasive type of arrest.

True

False

Question 2. Police can never arrest someone for a minor traffic offense.

True

False

Question 3. Frisks are searches.

True

False

Question 4. A suspect's race alone cannot constitute reasonable suspicion for police action.

True

False

Question 5. The purpose of a frisk is to protect officers or other people from death or injury.

True

False

Question 6. An officer's subjective, honest belief that a crime has been committed is enough to support probable cause to arrest.

True

False

Question 7. According to the Supreme Court opinion in Illinois v. Wardlow, a person's mere presence in a high crime area can supply the objective basis needed for a stop.

True

False

Question 8. Arrests produce written documents that become part of a person's record.

True

False

Question 9. Police officers can automatically frisk all citizens they stop.

True

False

Question 10. In determining probable cause, police officers must rely solely on direct information.

True

False

Question 11. According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v. Ohio, involving a police stop and frisk of a citizen on a street to investigate a possible robbery:

in dealing with dangerous situations on city streets, police need an escalating set of flexible responses.

police cannot stop citizens without probable cause to believe that crime is afoot.

in any instance where the police can stop someone, they can also frisk that person.

police cannot stop citizens without clear and convincing evidence that crime is afoot.

Question 12. The crime of perjury is defined as:

violating one's official duties.

lying to a magistrate.

lying under oath.

violating professional ethics.

Question 13. According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v. Ohio, a stop justified at its beginning can:

be justified on mere hunches alone.

only be done for violent crimes.

become unjustified by being too extensive in scope.

have any scope the stopping officer wants.

Question 14. Which of the following is not a seizure?

chasing a fleeing suspect who gets away

arresting someone

physically grabbing someone to check suspicion

using such a show of force that a reasonable person does not leave

Question 15. According to the Supreme Court in Draper v. U.S. involving a narcotics arrest based on an informant's description of a suspect:

hearsay cannot be used to determine probable cause.

magistrates must determine probable cause before officers make arrests.

police officers must have warrants in order to make arrests.

hearsay can be used to determine probable cause.

Question 16. Which of the following circumstances have been found sufficient by themselves to amount to reasonable suspicion?

A driver double-parked within ten feet of a pedestrian in a drug trafficking area.

A passenger leaving an airplane appeared nervous in the presence of officers.

A driver failed to look at a patrol car late at night.

At 2:15 a.m., a person approached an officer in his police vehicle in a high crime area and told him that a person seated in a nearby car had illegal drugs and a gun at his waist.

Question 17. In regard to seizures, the Supreme Court in Payton v. New York held that the Fourth Amendment:

requires an arrest warrant to enter a home in exigent circumstances.

requires an arrest warrant to enter a home when officers are in hot pursuit.

usually requires a warrant to enter a private home to arrest a citizen.

requires a warrant to arrest a suspect in a public place.

Question 18. The balancing approach to reasonableness:

requires courts to weigh the degree of intrusion against the government's need for the intrusion.

prohibits the police from making intrusions simply to prevent crimes that may happen.

does not require the court to weigh the degree of intrusion so long as there is a factual foundation for it.

does not require a factual foundation to support stops involving serious crimes.

Question 19. Reasonable suspicion needed to make a stop:

requires more than probable cause.

requires a preponderance of the evidence.

requires only a hunch.

requires some minimum level of objective justification.

Question 20. A proper "frisk" under the stop-and-frisk rules established by Terry v. Ohio:

is limited to a pat-down of the suspect's outer clothing unless something that could be a weapon is felt during the pat-down.

may not be conducted unless there is no doubt in the mind of the officer that the suspect has a weapon.

may include a search of an area within one hundred yards of the suspect if the pat-down results in the feeling of an object which could be a weapon.

may not even extend to a pat-down unless the officer has probable cause to believe the suspect has a weapon.

Question 21. The Supreme Court has adopted which of the following readings of the Fourth Amendment regarding stops and frisks? The Amendment:

protects only full arrests and searches.

equates stops and arrests.

equates frisks and searches.

requires a lesser quantum of proof or suspicion for stop than for arrest.

Question 22. Probable cause deals with:

hunches and suspicions.

an exact degree of probability.

factual and practical considerations of everyday life.

having a specified number of facts