Part A-

1. Define incorporation and explain why the process of incorporation has been uneven.

2. The First Amendment protects religious freedoms in two different ways. What are the free exercise and the establishment clauses, and how do they differ from each other?

3. Not all speech is treated equally. What forms of speech received the highest levels of protection? Why has the Supreme Court developed two different tiers of speech protection?

4. Describe some of the different types of speech that have received lower levels of constitutional protection than political speech.

5. Describe some of the rights of the accused that are found in the Bill of Rights. What is the exclusionary rule? What are Miranda rights? Why are the rights of the accused so essential to the due process of law?

6. What is the right to privacy? How and under what circumstances has the Supreme Court articulated this right? Describe some of the forms that the right to privacy has taken.

7. What freedoms are protected under the First Amendment? Why did the drafters of the Bill of Rights consider these freedoms to be so important?

8. Explain the tensions that exist between the establishment clause and free exercise clause as they pertain to the First Amendment right to freedom of religion.

9. Assess the scope and limits of the freedom of the press.

Part B-

1. What was the Fourteenth Amendment intended to accomplish, and in what ways did the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century limit its protections? What were the "Jim Crow" laws?

2. Explain the rise of the civil rights movement in the United States. What role did the NAACP play, and what kind of political strategy did they adopt?

3. Why was Brown v. Board of Education such an important case?

4. Many advances in civil rights have been accomplished through federal legislation. Describe the different parts of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. What has it accomplished and what kind of enforcement mechanisms have been established?

5. Since the 1960s, civil rights protection has expanded well beyond racial discrimination. Explain some of the differences between the protections against racial discrimination and gender discrimination.

6. What are the goals of affirmative action? Describe some of the Supreme Court decisions that have been taken in connection with affirmative action.

7. Differentiate between de jure segregation and de facto segregation. What importance has the Supreme Court placed on the difference between the two?

8. Identify and explain the importance of three key pieces of twentieth-century civil rights legislation, other than the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

9. Identify three groups that have been targets of discrimination or unequal treatment in the United States and explain how they have sought to overcome that discrimination.