Part A -

Question 1: The two overarching goals of ________ are to increase quality and years of healthy life and to eliminate health disparities.

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

the USDA

Healthy People 2010

the American Dietetic Association (ADA)

Question 2: An increased risk for obesity, heart disease, and Type 2 diabetes is associated with:

diets high in saturated fats.

diets low in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

diets high in monounsaturated fats and dairy products.

both diets high in saturated fats and diets low in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Question 3: The building blocks of proteins are called:

fatty acids.

amino acids.

saccharides.

nitrogen fragments.

Question 4: Which of the following is a micronutrient?

Carbohydrates

Vitamins

Lipids

Alcohol

Question 5: Which of the following is NOT an essential nutrient?

Water

Alcohol

Vitamins

Minerals

Question 6: For dinner, Bill consumes 255 grams of carbohydrate, 70 grams of protein, and 50 grams of fat. In addition, Bill decides that he wants a glass of wine with his meal. If he drinks one glass of wine containing 8 grams of alcohol, how many total kilocalories does he consume in this meal?

56 kilocalories

540 kilocalories

1,675 kilocalories

1,806 kilocalories

Question 7: Which of the following describes the vitamins A, D, E, and K?

Excreted via the urine

Soluble in water

Daily consumption is necessary

Can be stored in adipose and liver tissue

Question 8: The Dietary Guidelines to Americans has defined physically active as a:

minimum of 60 minutes of moderate activity most days.

minimum of 30 minutes of moderate activity most days.

minimum of 15 minutes of intense activity most days.

total of 8 hours of moderate activity per week.

Question 9: Which of the following is a limitation of the Exchange System?

It can be difficult to learn because the portion sizes differ between exchange lists.

Some find the plan restrictive because combination and special occasion foods are prohibited.

The diet plan can be monotonous because dietary substitutions are difficult to calculate.

Individuals may consume too many kilocalories following this plan because there is no distinction between lean and high-fat meats.

Question 10: Your grandmother has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which of the following professionals is most likely to be qualified to offer your grandmother assistance in planning her diabetic diet?

Registered Dietitian (RD)

PhD in nutrition

medical doctor (MD)

nutritionist

Question 11: Which of the following is NOT a regulator of satiety in the body?

GI tract

hypothalamus

hormones

kidney

Question 12: Including fiber in your diet is beneficial to your GI tract, but consuming excess amounts of fiber can result in the loss of nutrients. This statement is an example of which of the factors to consider in planning diets?

adequacy

calorie control

variety

moderation

Question 13: What are probiotics?

specialty foods in which nutrients have been added

antibiotics that are specific to harmful bacteria while protecting healthful bacteria

live microorganisms naturally found in or supplemented to food products

foods known to have disease-fighting effects

Question 14: Bob eats his breakfast and his GI tract will now begin the process of digesting and absorbing the nutrients from this meal. What is the order in which each of the organs of the GI tract will work to achieve this process?

mouth: esophagus: small intestine: stomach: large intestine

mouth: esophagus: stomach: small intestine: large intestine

mouth: stomach: esophagus: small intestine: large intestine

mouth: stomach: esophagus: large intestine: small intestine

Question 15: What is the term that describes the process in which nutrients pass through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract?

digestion

absorption

elimination

segmentation

Question 16: Proteins that act to speed up body processes, but are not changed in the process, are called:

hormones.

peptides.

enzymes.

chymes.

Question 17: Collectively, the nerves of the gastrointestinal tract are referred to as:

peptic nerves.

hepatic nerves.

enteric nerves.

gastric nerves.

Part B -

Question 1: Which of the following are substances in plant foods that are not absorbed by the body?

starch

disaccharides

dietary fiber

simple sugars

Question 2: When fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form:

table sugar.

malt sugar.

milk sugar.

fruit sugar.

Question 3: After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?

glucagon

estrogen

CCK

insulin

Question 4: ________ is a highly branched arrangement of glucose molecules found in liver and skeletal muscle cells.

Fructose

Starch

Glycogen

Raffinose

Question 5: Individuals with the disease PKU (phenylketonuria) should not consume the artificial sweetener aspartame. Why?

People with PKU are highly prone to development of diabetes.

People with PKU are allergic to the sweetener.

People with PKU experience severe headaches when they consume aspartame.

People with PKU cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine.

Question 6: In type 1 diabetes, the ________ may be destroyed by an autoimmune disease.

hepatocytes of the liver

beta cells of the pancreas

neurotransmitters of the brain

glomerulus cells of the kidney

Question 7: Diabetes is a condition in which the body doesn't process ________ properly.

vitamins

protein

carbohydrate

fat

Question 8: Sean is planning to bake a batch of chocolate chip cookies for his girlfriend. Which of the following artificial sweeteners would be the best substitute for the sugar in the recipe?

aspartame

saccharin

sucralose

olestra

Question 9: Which of the following BEST describes the Delaney Clause?

government action that prevents the intentional addition of compounds that have been shown to cause cancer in animals or humans

government recommendation that all predatory fish be tested for mercury before being sold to the consumer

list of food additives generally regarded as safe; established in 1958 by the U.S. Congress

pending legislation to ban irradiation as a method of food preservation

Question 10: Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using biopesticides?

degrade rapidly and are easily washed away by water

do not leave pesticide residues on crops

can be produced synthetically and are therefore inexpensive

are less toxic to humans and the environment

Question 11: In the United States, the most common food-borne illnesses result from which of the following bacteria?

Giardia lamblia

Salmonella

Campylobacter jejuni

Clostridium botulinum

Question 12: The primary symptom of Giardia infection is:

jaundice.

diarrhea.

dementia.

anemia.

Question 13: Which government agency regulates the labeling, sale, distribution, use, and disposal of all pesticides in the United States?

Food and Drug Administration

United States Department of Agriculture

Environmental Protection Agency

Centers for Disease Control

Question 14: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is a food-borne illness also known as:

mad cow disease.

typhoid fever.

Norwalk virus.

hepatitis A.

Question 15: The main symptom associated with Clostridium botulinum intoxication is:

diarrhea.

paralysis.

anemia.

jaundice.

Question 16: Why is rBGH given to many U.S. dairy cows?

to prevent the growth of microbes in the cows' milk

to improve the nutritional quality of the cows' milk

to strengthen the cows' immune systems

to increase milk production without increasing feed

Question 17: The easiest and most effective way to prevent food-borne illnesses is to:

wash hands before handling food.

separate foods to avoid cross-contamination.

chill foods to prevent microbes from growing.

cook foods to their proper temperature.

Part C -

Question 1: Which of the following triggers the breakdown of stored fat?

Lipoprotein lipase

Adrenaline

Insulin

Estrogen

Question 2: How does fat consumption relate to Vitamin A, D, E, and K intake?

These vitamins are normally highly unstable molecules and are stabilized by fatty acids.

These vitamins are insoluble in water and require fats for their absorption and transport.

Fats provide the energy required to move these large molecules across the intestinal wall.

These vitamins are only found in animal sources.

Question 3: Transport vehicles for most lipids are called:

lipoproteins.

peptides.

monoglycerides.

glycerols.

Question 4: How many calories are potentially provided by 25 grams of fat?

23 kilocalories

100 kilocalories

225 kilocalories

2,250 kilocalories

Question 5: One potential problem with a very low-fat diet is that it may be deficient in:

phosphorus.

cholesterol.

trans fatty acids.

essential fatty acids.

Question 6: To facilitate the digestion of dietary fats, the gallbladder stores and releases a substance known as:

lipase.

bile.

hydrochloric acid.

bicarbonate.

Question 7: Which of the following is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Corn oil

Coconut oil

Beef fat

Butter

Question 8: Diets high in ________ have been shown to increase blood levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL).

saturated fatty acids

trans fatty acids

omega-3 fatty acids

omega-6 fatty acids

Question 9: The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called:

the protein combining method.

amino acid sequencing method.

mutual supplementation.

protein.

Question 10: The absorption of proteins occurs in the:

stomach.

small intestine.

large intestine.

liver.

Question 11: Which of the following is NOT a major function of protein in the human body?

Maintaining fluid balance

Providing energy to the body

Growth and maintenance of new tissue

Synthesis of hormones

Question 12: Proteases are:

protein messengers that are released from storage in response to an alteration in the body's homeostasis.

transport proteins that move substances throughout the body.

defense proteins that attack foreign bacteria, viruses, and toxins.

enzymes that break down protein.

Question 13: Milk curdles when lemon juice is added to it. The change that occurs in the protein is called:

denaturation.

translocation.

transcription.

deamination.

Question 14: Vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of ________.

carcinogens

antioxidants

prions

Vitamins B12 and D

Question 15: The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another is called:

gene expression.

alteration.

deamination.

transamination.

Question 16: Protein digestion begins in the ________.

mouth

stomach

small intestine

pancreas