Part 1 (Advanced Data Modeling): 250-300 words with references

Discuss the role of object-oriented abstraction to Big Data applications.

Part 2 (Information Systems): 250-300 Words with references

During the systems development life cycle (SDLC), certain key problems discovered in the later stages could be directly traced back to inadequate and/or poor efforts in the requirements phase and industry studies show that over 50% of systems problems belong to this case.

In addition, as mentioned "the cost of errors in requirements that weren't discovered until later" may go up to 1,000 times. As a systems analyst, what should we do to minimize this problem? How might this be avoided?