ORIGINAL QUESTION: As an Advanced Practice Nurse, you will care for patients who are at risk for specific diseases. Please pick one chronic or infectious disease specific to a population in your geographic area and provide evidence of risk, relative risk, and odds ratio in relation to that disease, and specific risks in the population you identified.

COURSE HERO ANSWER: Diabetes occurs as a consequence of the human body being unable produce sufficient amount of the hormone insulin, the hormone is responsible of regulation of the blood glucose, or use insulin effectively. This in turn causes the blood glucose level to remain the above normal threshold levels and other time causes the blood vessel to get distorted. The most common form of diabetes is the type 2, and it's usually as a result of combination of resistance to the action of insulin and insufficient insulin production. It commonly occur in adults. Type 1 diabetes results when the body loses its ability to produce insulin.

Evidence of risks- Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for vascular and respiratory diseases and development of these outcomes in people with diabetes may be exacerbated by exposure of air pollution. A research conducted reported particulate concentration is driving force behind diabetes. Exposure to fine particulate matter increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. Another finding showed that males are higher risks for type 2 diabetes than females. Both particulate matter and NO2 exposure may increase the risk of developing diabetes.

Relative risks of diabetes

Body Mass Index (BMI) is strongly associated with risk of being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, nondramatic lower-limb amputation and blindness: it is also a major cause of heart disease and stroke.

Odd ratio in relation to diabetes

Overweight and obesity accounts for diabetes mellitus. Prevention of both can be a major strategy for reducing the numerous cases of diabetes mellitus in populations

Reference

Statins and the Risk of Diabetes. (2014). Evidence from a large population based cohort study. Diabetes care. Association between low education and higher global cardiovascular risk. (2014)

QUESTION TO ANSWER:

Now that you have identified the disease and risk, what is one evidence-based action that you could take within your local community or patient population to prevent this risk?