Multiple choice.

1. Which of the following suggestions is most likely to reduce the hostility felt between antagonistic

groups?

 A. force the groups to spend a lot of time together

 B. encourage the groups to avoid each other as much as possible

 C. give the groups a task that cannot be solved unless they work together

 D. set up a program in which speakers attempt to persuade the groups to get along

E. punish the groups whenever they treat each other badly

2. On Monday, Tanya asked her teacher to postpone Tuesday's test until Friday. After her teacher flatly refused, Tanya asked the teacher to push the test back one day, to Wednesday. Tanya is using the compliance strategy known as ___.

A. foot-in-the-door. B. norms of reciprocity. C. compromise. D. strategic bargaining. E. door-in-the-face.

3. In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was the ___. A. highest level of shock supposedly administered. B. location of the learner. C. length of the line. D. number of people in the group. E. instructions given by the experimenter.

4. The tendency of people to look toward others for cues about the appropriate way to behave when confronted by an emergency is known as___.

A. bystander intervention. B. pluralistic ignorance. C. modeling. D. diffusion of responsibility. E. conformity.

5. Advertisements are made more effective when the communicators are ___.

I.   attractive. II.  famous. III. perceived as experts.

A. II only B. III only C. I and II D. II and III E. I, II, and III

6. Your new neighbor seems to know everything about ancient Greece that your social studies teacher says during the first week of school. You conclude that she is brilliant. You do not consider that she might already have learned about ancient Greece in her old school. You are evidencing ___. A. the self-fulfilling prophecy effect. B. pluralistic ignorance. C. confirmation bias. D. the fundamental attribution error. E. cognitive dissonance.

7. In Asch's conformity study, approximately what percentage of participants gave at least one incorrect response? A. 30 B. 40 C. 50 D. 60 E. 70

8. Janine has always hated the color orange. However, once she became a student at Princeton, she began to wear a lot of orange Princeton Tiger clothing. The discomfort caused by her long-standing dislike of the color orange and her current ownership of so much orange-and-black-striped clothing is known as A. cognitive dissonance. B. contradictory concepts. C. conflicting motives. D. opposing cognitions. E. inconsistent ideas.

9. When Pasquale had his first oboe solo in the orchestra concert, his performance was far worse than it was when he rehearsed at home. A phenomenon that helps explain Pasquale's poor performance is known as A. social loafing. B. groupthink. C. deindividuation. D. social impairment. E. diffusion of responsibility.

10. Kelley's attribution theory says that people use which of the following kinds of information in explaining events? A. conformity, reliability, and validity B. consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness C. uniqueness, explanatory power, and logic D. salience, importance, and reason E. distinctiveness, conformity, and salience

11. After your school's football team has a big win, students in the halls can be heard saying "We are awesome." The next week, after the team loses to the last-place team in the league, the same students lament that "They were terrible." The difference in these comments illustrates A. the fundamental attribution error. B. self-serving bias. C. the self-fulfilling prophecy effect. D. the false consensus effect. E. conformity.

12. Which of the following is the best example of prejudice? A. Billy will not let girls play on his hockey team. B. Santiago dislikes cheerleaders. C. Athena says she can run faster than anybody on the playground. D. Mr. Tamp calls on boys more often than girls. E. Ginny thinks all Asians are smart.

13. On their second date, Megan confides in Francisco that she still loves to watch Rugrats. He, in turn, tells her that he still cries when he watches Bambi. These two young lovers will be brought closer together through this process of A. self-disclosure. B. deindividuation. C. in-group bias. D. dual sharing. E. open communication.

14. On the first day of class, Mr. Simpson divides his class into four competing groups. On the fifth day of school, Jody is sent to the principal for kicking members of the other groups. Mr. Simpson can be faulted for encouraging the creation of A. group polarization. B. deindividuation. C. out-group bias. D. superordinate goals. E. groupthink.

15. Rosenthal and Jacobson's "Pygmalion in the Classroom" study showed that ___ A. people's expectations of others can influence the behavior of those others. B. attitudes are not always good predictors of behavior. C. contact is not sufficient to break down prejudices. D. people like to think that others get what they deserve. E. cohesive groups often make bad decisions.