Montclair State University Department of Sociology Course:

Racial and Ethnic Relations Instructor: Dr. John E. Pinkard Sr.

FINAL EXAM (Examination)

Dr. John Henry Clarke has written: "History is a clock that people use to tell their political and cultural time of day. It is a compass that people use to find themselves on the map of human geography...."

We have argued, in this course, that there is a disparity in life chances in the U.S. based on the intersectionality of race, class, gender, and ethnicity.

Further, that the causes of this disparity include: social constructs; racial and intersectional hierarchies; race ideology; as well as historical reconstruction.

Using our shared knowledge of 18th, 19t`', 20t'',and z.°."J St . century American History describe in a 2-3 page type written essay how "whiteness as an ideology"; race dominance; and modern racism emerged as well as how history has played a role in determining "...where we have been, who we are... and where we must still go..." as American citizens.

In completing this assignment. Please follow the guidelines for your paper as described in your course syllabus.

Your paper must be handed in (in person) one week from today.