Labor and employee relations (LER) is concerned with the effective management of the employment relationship, whether that is on an individual (non-union) or collective (unionized) basis. Given this, answer the following questions:

1. What do we mean by "the employment relationship"? Define and discuss the concept (hint: remember the first day of class)
2. In a general sense, what does it mean to "effectively" manage the employment relationship in a non-union setting? What are some specific ways (i.e. policies/practices/actions) that management can use to effectively manage that relationship?
3. In a general sense, what does it mean to "effectively" manage the employment relationship in a unionized setting? What are some specific ways in which management can interact with unions to effectively manage that relationship?

It is a 20 mark question. Please answer accordingly and elaborately.