Kagan: Arash Abizadeh

A. Ethics :

B. Normative Factors

C. Structure of Theories of the Good

1. Means: Instrumental Value

a. the means itself

b. the constitutive parts

2. Ends: Non-instrumental Value

a. Unconditional Final End (ultimate, intrinsic value)

b. Conditional End (extrinsic value)

i. constitutive ends

ii. other

D. Welfarist Theories of the Good: Well-being or welfare (of human beings)

1. Mental State Theory Welfarism

-e.g. Welfare Hedonism

i. Quantitative:

ii. Qualitative

2. Preference-satisfaction Welfarism

3. Objective-List Welfarism

E. Beyond Well-being: Other Goods

1. Equality

2. Impersonal goods:

Ethics Lecture 2

A. Theories of the Right: Evaluating an Action

-morally required, permitted, or forbidden

B. Consequentialism:

C. Deontology

1. Constraint: e.g. against doing harm

-Normative Factor: constraint against doing harm

2. Thresholds: Absolute vs Moderate Constraint

D. Dirty Hands: Moral Dilemmas?

1. Consequentialism:

2. Deontology: for the deontologist:

-two possibilities:

1. When the threshold is met, the constraint is no longer operative

2. When the threshold is met, the constraint is still operative and the actor faces a moral dilemma.