Instructions:Answer all of the questions below to answer in a short paragraph or two, a list, or a chart. Each answer is worth up to 10 points for a total of 50. You will have one week to complete the Final. For each question, answer as thoroughly as possible if you want full points. You will be evaluated on how well you answer as well as how well you can demonstrate your knowledge of class learning objectives and concepts (both in general and in detail). It is a good idea to use your book and any other class materials, including slideshows, and notes. It is NOT A GOOD IDEA to look up answers online. Answers that are plagiarized or obviously inspired by web searches will not get credit. This exam is intended to evaluate your understanding of course objectives and your ability to utilize your book and other class materials.

Each questions use at 1-2 paragraphs.

1 Primates: describe the taxonomy of primates presented in your book. Which infraorders include monkeys? Which primates are NOT monkeys? Describe the three main groups of primates that are NOT monkeys, and explain what features set them apart from monkeys.

2 Primates: Compare apes and monkeys. Describe their position in the family tree in the order of primates. What features do they share, what features set them apart from other groups in the order of primates?

3 Genus Homo: Using your book and any notes from class, Compare Homo Erectus, Homo Neanderthalensis, and Homo Sapiens terms of the following features: Cranial Features (at least 3 features), skeletal features (at least 3 features), and Tool use/culture. You may use a chart or write it out in paragraph form.

4 Hominids: Give a detailed description of your favorite hominid (pre-homo) studied in this class- and clearly explain its relationship to the genus Homo. Review the following: Cranium, pelvis, legs, arms. What is the most likely direct ancestor of this species? Are there any likely descendants, if so, who?

5 Race and anthropometry: Using Chapter 8 and 15, discuss metric and non-metric traits and their relationship to race/ancestry. Which method (if any) is more accurate in determining ancestry and why? Thinking about what you know about race, ancestry, genetics, and phenotype, does race exist? Explain.

6 Sex and gender: Using chapter 7 and 8, describe the best way to determine the sex of an individual (what parts of the body would you look at and what differences would you look for?). What factors do you need to take into account to be certain you do not mis-identify the sex?

7 Synthesis: When examining a fossil, you are trying to determine if it was bipedal, quadrupedal, or arboreal. Which traits would you look for to make your determination. Assume you have a full skeleton. Bonus: assume you only have a partial cranium (including teeth), and some finger bones.